Purpose: Assessing the mortality rates associated with tobacco-related oral cancer (OC) is crucial for effective allocation of resources within healthcare and economic systems.
Methods: In this study, data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 were utilized to analyze the burden of tobacco-attributable OC in China, the United States (US), and India from 1990 to 2019. Descriptive statistics and an age-period-cohort model were employed to examine and compare the effects on OC mortality.
Results: 1. Attributable to tobacco, the deaths remained stable in the US, but increased in China and India. The trend of age-standardized mortality rate of OC increased in China, and decreased in the US and India, whereas the rate in India was the highest. 2. According to the APC model, the risk of death increased with age in all three countries. The period and later birth cohort effects were identified as risk factors in China and India, while in the US, the previous cohorts were identified as a risk factor. Except for India, males faced higher death risk than females in China and the US.
Conclusions: The burden of OC attributable to tobacco remains substantial in China and India. Public health officials in these countries should implement prevention and treatment strategies for OC, and interventions aimed at regulating the tobacco industry. The elderly is at an elevated risk for OC, and medical resources and policies should be directed toward this population. The successes experience in tobacco control and OC prevention in the US may serve as a model for other countries.
Keywords: Age-period-cohort model; Mortality; Oral cancer; Tobacco.
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.