Athletes' experiences of using a self-directed psychological support, the BAck iN the Game (BANG) smartphone application, during rehabilitation for return to sports following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Magnus Ringberg; Ann Catrine Eldh; Clare L Ardern; Joanna Kvist

doi:10.1186/s13102-023-00731-2

Athletes' experiences of using a self-directed psychological support, the BAck iN the Game (BANG) smartphone application, during rehabilitation for return to sports following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023 Sep 19;15(1):113. doi: 10.1186/s13102-023-00731-2.

Authors

Magnus Ringberg¹, Ann Catrine Eldh^{2

3}, Clare L Ardern^{1

4

5}, Joanna Kvist^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Unit of Physiotheray, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Science, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden.
² Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 564, Uppsala, SE-751 22, Sweden.
³ Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
⁴ Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
⁵ Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
⁶ Unit of Physiotheray, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Science, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden. joanna.kvist@liu.se.
⁷ Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Dept of Molecular Medicine & Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden. joanna.kvist@liu.se.

Abstract

Background: Following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), many athletes do not return to their sport, often driven by concerns about re-injury. Psychological support strategies might help, but are not routinely included in rehabilitation after ACLR. The BAck iN the Game (BANG) intervention is a 24-week eHealth program delivered via smartphone application (app), beginning directly after ACLR, with a self-directed approach that aims to target the specific challenges athletes encounter in rehabilitation.

Aim: To describe athletes' experiences of using the BANG app during rehabilitation, to support returning to sport following ACLR.

Method: Participants were athletes, in contact and/or non-contact pivoting sports, who had ACLR with the goal to return to sports. Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted 6-10 months after their ACLR; all had access to the BANG intervention. Verbatim transcripts were analysed with a qualitative content analysis.

Results: The 19 participants were 17-30 years, mean 21.6 years (SD 3.5); 7 men and 12 women. The analysis generated three main categories. (A) Interacting with the app illustrated how, when, or why the participants engaged with the app. The app was helpful because of its varying content, the notifications served as reminders and participants stopped using the app when no longer needing it. (B) Challenging experiences with the app illustrated that the app itself came with some difficulties e.g., content not appearing with the right timing and material not tailored to their sport. (C) Supportive experiences with the app reflected how the app facilitated the participants' rehabilitation progress; it included positive aspects of the app content and navigation, boosting their confidence to return to sport, and motivated them to continue with rehabilitation.

Conclusion: The analysis of the interviews illustrates athletes' awareness in interacting with, and the challenging and supportive experiences of using the app. The BANG app might provide support for returning to sport, primarily psychological support, as an adjunct to regular physiotherapy-guided rehabilitation. Athletes' experiences of the BANG app could be improved by healthcare professionals providing additional advice about when to use which content and why.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03959215. Registered 22 May 2019.

Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; Athletes; Mobile phone; Psychological support; Rehabilitation; Return to sports; Sports injury; eHealth.

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03959215