Evaluation of coagulopathy in cirrhotic patients: A scoping review of the utility of viscoelastic testing

Am J Surg. 2024 Jan:227:34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.09.001. Epub 2023 Sep 6.

Abstract

Background: Cirrhosis causes significant coagulopathy. Traditional coagulation tests may not accurately measure coagulopathy in well-compensated patients with cirrhosis. Viscoelastic tests are functional tests that may better assess coagulopathy in cirrhotic patients.

Methods: We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and grey literature using terms meaning viscoelastic testing and cirrhosis. After reviewing over 500 titles and abstracts, 40 full-text papers met inclusion criteria.

Results: Twenty-two papers found viscoelastic testing was a better indicator of baseline coagulation than traditional testing in cirrhosis. Nineteen additional papers evaluated the utility of peri-procedural viscoelastic testing and found they led to a reduction in blood product administration without increasing risk of hemorrhage, thrombotic events, or other complications.

Conclusions: The usage of viscoelastic testing in patients with cirrhosis allows for better assessment of coagulopathy, resulting in improved outcomes. Educating physicians to optimize care of this high-risk group is necessary to further improve their treatment.

Keywords: Cirrhosis; Coagulation; Thromboelastography; Transfusions; Viscoelastic testing.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Blood Coagulation Disorders* / diagnosis
  • Blood Coagulation Disorders* / etiology
  • Blood Coagulation Tests / methods
  • Hemorrhage / complications
  • Humans
  • Liver Cirrhosis / complications
  • Thrombelastography* / methods