Common changes in rat cortical gene expression after valproate or lithium treatment particularly affect pre- and post-synaptic pathways that regulate four neurotransmitters systems

World J Biol Psychiatry. 2024 Jan-Feb;25(1):54-64. doi: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2258972. Epub 2024 Jan 7.

Abstract

Objectives: We have postulated that common changes in gene expression after treatment with different therapeutic classes of psychotropic drugs contribute to their common therapeutic mechanisms of action.

Methods: To test this hypothesis, we measured levels of cortical coding and non-coding RNA using GeneChip® Rat Exon 1.0 ST Array after treatment with vehicle (chow only), chow containing 1.8 g lithium carbonate/kg (n = 10) or chow containing 12 g sodium valproate/kg (n = 10) for 28 days. Differences in levels of RNA were identified using JMP Genomics 13 and the Panther Gene Ontology Classification System was used to identify potential consequences of RNA.

Results: Compared to vehicle treatment, levels of cortical RNA for 543 and 583 coding and non-coding RNAs were different after treatment with valproate and lithium, respectively. Moreover, levels of 323 coding and non-coding RNAs were altered in a highly correlated way by treatment with valproate and lithium, changes that would impact on cholinergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission as well as on voltage gated ion channels.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that treating with mood stabilisers cause many common changes in levels of RNA which will impact on CNS function, particularly affecting post-synaptic muscarinic receptor functioning and the release of multiple neurotransmitters.

Keywords: Lithium; gene expression; rat cortex; sodium valproate.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antimanic Agents / pharmacology
  • Antimanic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Gene Expression
  • Lithium Compounds / pharmacology
  • Lithium* / pharmacology
  • Lithium* / therapeutic use
  • Neurotransmitter Agents
  • RNA
  • Rats
  • Valproic Acid* / pharmacology
  • Valproic Acid* / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Valproic Acid
  • Lithium
  • Lithium Compounds
  • RNA
  • Neurotransmitter Agents
  • Antimanic Agents