Elucidation of anti-hyperglycemic activity of Psidium guajava L. leaves extract on streptozotocin induced neonatal diabetic Long-Evans rats

Md Hafizur Rahman; Md Asrafuzzaman; Md Mahedi Hassan Tusher; M Mosihuzzaman; Md Shahinul Haque Khan; Mohammad Shoeb; Begum Rokeya

doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100776

Elucidation of anti-hyperglycemic activity of Psidium guajava L. leaves extract on streptozotocin induced neonatal diabetic Long-Evans rats

J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2023 Sep-Oct;14(5):100776. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100776. Epub 2023 Sep 16.

Authors

Md Hafizur Rahman¹, Md Asrafuzzaman², Md Mahedi Hassan Tusher², M Mosihuzzaman³, Md Shahinul Haque Khan⁴, Mohammad Shoeb⁵, Begum Rokeya⁶

Affiliations

¹ Asian Network of Research on Antidiabetic Plants, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
² Asian Network of Research on Antidiabetic Plants, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh University of Heath Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
³ Asian Network of Research on Antidiabetic Plants, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
⁴ Asian Network of Research on Antidiabetic Plants, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Health Science (BUHS), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
⁶ Asian Network of Research on Antidiabetic Plants, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh University of Heath Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh. Electronic address: deanbs@buhs.ac.bd.

Abstract

Background: Psidium guajava L (Guava) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and has been claimed to possess several pharmacological properties including antidiabetic.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of P guajava L leaves aqueous extract on neonatal streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic model rats.

Methods: Streptozotocin was induced (90 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to 48 h old Long Evans rat pups. After three months, 18 male type-2 diabetic model rats were confirmed by OGTT (FG > 7 mmol/L). Therefore, experimental rats were divided into three groups 2) Diabetic water control (10 ml/kg), 3) Gliclazide treated (20 mg/kg), and 4) Extract treated group (1.25g/kg)] Six normal female rats comprised group 1 [Non-diabetic water control (10 ml/kg)]. All rats were treated orally with their respective treatment for 28 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected on 0 days (by tail cut method) and the end day (by cardiac puncture) of the experiment. The anti-hyperglycemic activity was evaluated by measuring fasting glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, hepatic glycogen content, and intestinal glucose absorption by standard methods.

Results: The serum glucose level of extract treated group was decreased by 16% as well as significantly (p<0.05) increased the serum insulin level (M±SD, 0 day vs 28^thday; 0.319 ± 0.110 vs 0.600 ± 0.348, μg/L). Moreover, the extract-treated group also significantly (p<0.05) enhanced liver glycogen content and inhibited glucose absorption from the upper intestine. Besides, a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of LDL-cholesterol level was found in the extract-treated group (M±SD, 55 ± 33 vs 14 ± 9, mg/dl) compared with baseline values where other groups did not show any statistically remarkable changes.

Conclusion: Current study concludes that P guajava leaves aqueous extract enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells and promotes glycogen synthesis in the liver. The extract also inhibits glucose absorption from the upper intestine and improves dyslipidemia to some extent. Therefore, possesses the potential for drug development against T2DM.

Keywords: Anti-hyperglycemia; Dyslipidemia; Insulinemia; Psidium guajava; Streptozotocin-induced T2DM rat.