Virus-Like Particles Assembled Using Respiratory Syncytial Virus Matrix Protein Elicit Protective Immunity in Mice

Su-Hwa Lee; Ki-Back Chu; Min-Ju Kim; Fu-Shi Quan

doi:10.2147/IDR.S426039

Virus-Like Particles Assembled Using Respiratory Syncytial Virus Matrix Protein Elicit Protective Immunity in Mice

Infect Drug Resist. 2023 Sep 11:16:6099-6110. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S426039. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Su-Hwa Lee^#¹, Ki-Back Chu^#², Min-Ju Kim³, Fu-Shi Quan^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
² Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³ Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Purpose: Heterologous virus-like particle (VLP) assembly involving influenza or the Newcastle disease virus matrix protein (M) has been extensively used to explore the efficacies of VLP vaccines against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Here, we attempted to generate homologous RSV VLPs by expressing the pre-fusion (pre-F) or the glycoprotein (G) on the RSV M protein and evaluated their protective efficacy in mice.

Methods: We generated VLPs using the baculovirus expression system in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells. Recombinant baculoviruses expressing the RSV pre-F, G, and M antigens were inoculated into Sf9 cells, and particles were self-assembled. Mice were immunized with either pre-F or G-expressing VLPs, and immune parameters were assessed to determine protection.

Results: Our findings show that successful VLP assembly can be achieved by utilizing recombinant baculoviruses expressing the RSV pre-F or G proteins with the native matrix protein. Mice immunized with either pre-F or the G antigen-expressing VLPs elicited robust serum-mediated virus neutralization. VLP immunization evoked Th1-biased RSV-specific antibody responses in the sera of mice. Following challenge infection with the RSV A2 strain, immunized mice experienced lesser eosinophil and IL-4 accumulation in the lungs, though a substantial increase in TNF-α secretion was observed from CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, splenic antibody-secreting cell responses were substantially enhanced against RSV F antigen, but not against the RSV G antigen following immunization and challenge infection. Immunizing mice with the VLPs significantly inhibited pulmonary histopathology development, as indicated by the diminished inflammatory immune cell influx and mucin secretion.

Conclusion: Combined, these vaccine-induced immune responses contributed to successfully inhibiting the RSV replication in the lungs of mice and demonstrated that RSV VLP assembly using insect cell-derived homologous RSV matrix protein is a feasible approach.

Keywords: native virus antigen; protection; recombinant baculovirus; vaccine.

Grants and funding

This study was financially supported by the Core Research Institute (CRI) Program, the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Ministry of Education (NRF-2018-R1A6A1A03025124) and the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Korea (HV20C0142).