Label free and high-throughput discrimination of cells at a bipolar electrode array using the AC electrodynamics

Abstract

Background: Cell characterization and manipulation play an important role in biological and medical applications. Cell viability evaluation is of significant importance for cell toxicology assay, dose test of anticancer drugs, and other biochemical stimulations. The electrical properties of cells change when cells transform from healthy to a pathological state. Current methods for evaluating cell viability usually requires a complicated chip and the throughput is limited.

Results: In this paper, a bipolar electrode (BPE) array based microfluidic device for assessing cell viability is exploited using AC electrodynamics. The viability of various cells including yeast cells and K562 cells, can be evaluated by analyzing the electro-rotation (ROT) speed and direction of cells, as well as the dielectrophoresis (DEP) responses of cells. Firstly, the cell viability can be identified by the position of the cell captured on the BPE electrode in terms of DEP force. Besides, cell viability can also be evaluated based on both the cell rotation speed and direction using ROT. Under the action of travelling wave dielectric electrophoresis force, the cell viability can also be distinguished by the rotational motion of cells on bipolar electrode edges.

Significance: This study demonstrates the utility of BPEs to enable scalable and high-throughput AC electrodynamics platforms by imparting a flexibility in chip design that is unparalleled by using traditional electrodes. By using BPEs, our proposed new technique owns wide application for cell characterization and viability assessment in situ detection and analysis.

Keywords: Bipolar electrode; Cell discrimination; Dielectrophoresis; Electrorotation; Microfluidic chip.