Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Acute Kidney Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement at a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Fahad S Alhamad; Yazeed S Almohaimeed; Majd H Alhayzan; Mouath A Alturaymi; Khaled Z Almutairi; Abdullah Almuhanna; Sumayyah Alminhali; Elwaleed Elhassan

doi:10.7759/cureus.43381

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Acute Kidney Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement at a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Cureus. 2023 Aug 12;15(8):e43381. doi: 10.7759/cureus.43381. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Authors

Fahad S Alhamad¹, Yazeed S Almohaimeed², Majd H Alhayzan³, Mouath A Alturaymi⁴, Khaled Z Almutairi², Abdullah Almuhanna², Sumayyah Alminhali³, Elwaleed Elhassan⁵

Affiliations

¹ College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.
² College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.
³ College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.
⁴ Medicine and Surgery, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.
⁵ Department of Nephrology, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU.

Abstract

Background: Despite recent advancements in techniques, peri- and post-procedural complications still pose a significant challenge in the high-risk transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) patient population. This study aims to investigate and assess the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following TAVR, and to identify the risk factors associated with its occurrence.

Methods: We conducted the study at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 2016 to December 2022. We extracted data from electronic medical records. We categorized and compared patients based on their diagnosis of AKI+ following TAVR, or their absence of AKI- after the procedure.

Results: The study included a total of 344 patients who underwent TAVR. The mean age of the patients was 77.8 ± 8.9 years, 61.8% were male, and the average body mass index was 30.5±7.0. In terms of comorbidities, 70.8% of the patients had diabetes mellitus, 80.5% had hypertension, 8.7% had hypothyroidism, 2.0% had hematological disorders, 23.6% had congestive heart disease, 20.4% had cerebrovascular disease, 4.1% had peripheral vascular disease, 7.3% had cancer, and 34.4% had other comorbidities. The prevalence of AKI was 60 (17.50%) following the procedure. Cerebrovascular diseases showed a significant association with AKI (OR= 3.381, 95% CI, 1.65-6.91, p = 0.001). Chronic kidney disease has a significant effect on AKI (OR = 2.56, 95%CI, 1.02-6.39, p = 0.044). The creatinine level on Day 0 has a significant association with AKI (OR = 1.01, 95%CI, 1.006-1.017, p = 0.0001).

Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of assessing and managing these risk factors (cerebrovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and creatinine level on Day 0) in TAVR patients to mitigate the occurrence and severity of AKI. By understanding and addressing these factors, healthcare providers can potentially improve patient outcomes and reduce the incidence of AKI-associated TAVR procedures.

Keywords: acute kidney injury; chronic kidney disease; creatinine baseline; saudi arabia; transcatheter aortic valve replacement.