H3K9 and H4K20 methyltransferases are directly involved in the heterochromatinization of the paternal chromosomes in male Planococcus citri embryos

Abstract

Using a new method for bulk preparation of early stage embryos, we have investigated the role played by putative Planococcus citri H3K9 and H4K20 histone methyl transferases (HMTases) in regulating heterochromatinization of the imprinted paternal chromosomal set in male embryos. We found that H3K9 and H420 HMTases are required for heterochromatinization of the paternal chromosomes. We present evidence that both HMTases maintain the paternal "imprint" during the cleavage divisions when both parental chromosome sets are euchromatic. A testable model that accommodates our findings is proposed.

Keywords: Epigenetics; Genomic imprinting; H3K9me3:HP1:H4K20me3 pathway; Heterochromatin.