A history of sexual trauma (ST) and, especially, of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is common among men and women with mental disorders. The estimated prevalence ranges between one-third to two-thirds of psychiatric patients who have experienced sexual trauma. These survivors are at increased risk for developing psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Despite the great prevalence of sexual trauma and its mental implications, it remains under-diagnosed and under-recognized within the mental health system in Israel, as well as worldwide. This is due to the absence of a suitably comprehensive procedure for taking patient histories that will uncover sexual trauma. A history of sexual trauma also has implications for the course of the illness and prognosis. Trauma-informed treatment for survivors can reduce symptoms and alleviate mental suffering even many years after the traumatic events.