Preventing Avoidable Rehospitalizations through Standardizing Management of Chronic Conditions in Skilled Nursing Facilities

Abstract

Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of standardized care protocols, as a part of a quality improvement initiative (J10ohns Hopkins Community Health Partnership, J-CHiP), on hospital readmission rates for patients with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after being discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).

Design: A retrospective study comparing 30-day hospital readmission rates the year before and 2 years following the implementation of the care protocol interventions.

Settings and participants: Patients discharged from Johns Hopkins Hospital or Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center to the participating SNFs diagnosed with CHF and/or COPD.

Methods: The standardized protocols included medical provider or nurse assessments on SNF admission, multidisciplinary care planning, and medication management to avoid unplanned readmissions to the hospital. Descriptive analyses were conducted to illustrate the 30-day readmission rates before and after protocol implementation.

Results: There were 1128 patients in the pre-J-CHiP cohort and 2297 patients in the J-CHiP cohort. About half of the patients with a recorded diagnosis of CHF without COPD had the standardized protocol initiated, whereas 47% of the patients with a recorded diagnosis of COPD without CHF had the standardized protocol initiated. Of patients with recorded diagnoses of COPD and CHF, 49% had both protocols initiated. A reduction in the readmission rate was observed for patients with COPD protocols, from 23.5% in 2011 to 12.1% in 2015. However, fluctuations in the readmission rates were observed for patients who initiated the CHF protocols.

Conclusions and implications: There were improvements in the readmission rates in this study, especially for patients who had initiated standardized care protocols in the SNFs. Our findings demonstrate great value in standardizing care management and strengthening collaboration with chronic care settings to facilitate a smooth transition of medically complex patients discharged from large health care systems. Future interventions could consider assessing nonclinical factors that may impact preventable hospital readmissions.

Keywords: Standardized care management; care coordination; community partnerships; healthcare quality improvement; multidisciplinary care; redesigned health care delivery.