Novel chlorin e6-based conjugates of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Synthesis and photobiological evaluation as potent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Since tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) could reverse ABCG2-mediated drug-resistance, novel chlorin e₆-based conjugates of Dasatinib and Imatinib as photosensitizer (PS) were designed and synthesized. The results demonstrated that conjugate 10b showed strongest phototoxicity against HepG2 and B16-F10 cells, which was more phototoxic than chlorin e₆ and Talaporfin. It could reduce efflux of intracellular PS by inhibiting ABCG2 in HepG2 cells, and localize in mitochondria, lysosomes, golgi and ER, resulting in higher cell apoptosis rate and ROS production than Talaporfin. Moreover, it could induce cell autophagy and block cell cycle in S phase, and significantly inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival time on BALB/c nude mice bearing HepG2 xenograft tumor to a greater extent than chlorin e₆. Consequently, compound 10b could be applied as a promising candidate PS due to its good water-solubility and stability, low drug-resistance, high quantum yield of ¹O₂ and excellent antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo.

Keywords: ABCG2; Chlorin e(6); Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Photosensitizer; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI).