Functional connectivity in people at clinical and familial high risk for schizophrenia

Jian Zhang; Yaxin Yang; Tiantian Liu; Zhongyan Shi; Guangying Pei; Li Wang; Jinglong Wu; Shintaro Funahashi; Dingjie Suo; Changming Wang; Tianyi Yan

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115464

Functional connectivity in people at clinical and familial high risk for schizophrenia

Psychiatry Res. 2023 Oct:328:115464. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115464. Epub 2023 Sep 9.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun St, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
² School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun St, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
³ Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun St, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
⁵ School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun St, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: yantianyi@bit.edu.cn.

PMID: 37690192
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115464

Abstract

Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit compromised functional connectivity within extensive brain networks. However, the precise development of this impairment during disease progression in the clinical high-risk (CHR) population and their relatives remains unclear. Our study leveraged data from 128 resting electroencephalography (EEG) channels acquired from 30 SZ patients, 21 CHR individuals, 17 unaffected healthy relatives (RSs; those at heightened SZ risk due to family history), and 31 healthy controls (HCs). These data were harnessed to establish functional connectivity patterns. By calculating the geometric distance between EEG sequences, we unveiled local and global nonlinear relationships within the entire brain. The process of dimensionality reduction led to low-dimensional representations, providing insights into high-dimensional EEG data. Our findings indicated that CHR participants exhibited aberrant functional connectivity across hemispheres, whereas RS individuals showcased anomalies primarily concentrated within hemispheres. In the realm of low-dimensional analysis, RS participants' third-dimensional occipital lobe values lay between those of the CHR individuals and HCs, significantly correlating with scale scores. This low-dimensional approach facilitated the visualization of brain states, potentially offering enhanced comprehension of brain structure, function, and early-stage functional impairment, such as occipital visual deficits, in RS individuals before cognitive decline onset.

Keywords: EEG; Functional connectivity; High-risk populations; Low-dimensional representations; Occipital lobe; Schizophrenia.