A quadruplet 3-D laser scribed graphene/MoS2, functionalised N2-doped graphene quantum dots and lignin-based Ag-nanoparticles for biosensing

Mugashini Vasudevan; Veeradasan Perumal; Pandian Bothi Raja; Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim; Hooi-Ling Lee; Subash C B Gopinath; Mark Ovinis; Saravanan Karuppanan; Phaik Ching Ang; Natarajan Arumugam; Raju Suresh Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126620

A quadruplet 3-D laser scribed graphene/MoS_2, functionalised N₂-doped graphene quantum dots and lignin-based Ag-nanoparticles for biosensing

Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Dec 31;253(Pt 2):126620. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126620. Epub 2023 Sep 7.

Affiliations

¹ Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
² Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia. Electronic address: veeradasan.perumal@utp.edu.my.
³ School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
⁴ Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, 02600 Arau, and Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
⁵ School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, B4 7XG, UK.
⁶ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 37683754
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126620

Abstract

Troponin I is a protein released into the human blood circulation and a commonly used biomarker due to its sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing myocardial injury. When heart injury occurs, elevated troponin Troponin I levels are released into the bloodstream. The biomarker is a strong and reliable indicator of myocardial injury in a person, with immediate treatment required. For electrochemical sensing of Troponin I, a quadruplet 3D laser-scribed graphene/molybdenum disulphide functionalised N₂-doped graphene quantum dots hybrid with lignin-based Ag-nanoparticles (3D LSG/MoS₂/N-GQDs/L-Ag NPs) was fabricated using a hydrothermal process as an enhanced quadruplet substrate. Hybrid MoS₂ nanoflower (H3 NF) and nanosphere (H3 NS) were formed independently by varying MoS₂ precursors and were grown on 3D LSG uniformly without severe stacking and restacking issues, and characterized by morphological, physical, and structural analyses with the N-GQDs and Ag NPs evenly distributed on 3D LSG/MoS₂ surface by covalent bonding. The selective capture of and specific interaction with Troponin I by the biotinylated aptamer probe on the bio-electrode, resulted in an increment in the charge transfer resistance. The limit of detection, based on impedance spectroscopy, is 100 aM for both H3 NF and H3 NS hybrids, with the H3 NF hybrid biosensor having better analytical performance in terms of linearity, selectivity, repeatability, and stability.

Keywords: Biopolymer; Molybdenum; Nanoparticles; Nanosensor; Nitrogen-graphene.

MeSH terms

Biomarkers
Biosensing Techniques* / methods
Electrochemical Techniques / methods
Graphite* / chemistry
Humans
Lignin
Molybdenum / chemistry
Nanoparticles*
Quantum Dots* / chemistry
Troponin I

Substances

Graphite
Molybdenum
Lignin
Troponin I
Biomarkers