Characteristics of intermediate volatility organic compounds emitted from inland vessels with different influential factors and implication of reduction emissions

Min Cui; Yuanyuan Xu; Zeyu Liu; Yishun Zhang; Fan Zhang; Caiqing Yan; Yingjun Chen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166868

Characteristics of intermediate volatility organic compounds emitted from inland vessels with different influential factors and implication of reduction emissions

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 15:904:166868. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166868. Epub 2023 Sep 8.

Authors

Min Cui¹, Yuanyuan Xu², Zeyu Liu³, Yishun Zhang³, Fan Zhang⁴, Caiqing Yan⁵, Yingjun Chen⁶

Affiliations

¹ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: mcui@yzu.edu.cn.
² College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
³ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
⁴ School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
⁵ Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
⁶ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China. Electronic address: yjchenfd@fudan.edu.cn.

PMID: 37678527
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166868

Abstract

Ships could emit an abundance intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs). In recent years, many studies on the emission characteristics of IVOCs have focused on the burning of heavy fuel oil by ocean-going ships; however, few have focused on inland vessels which have a more significant impact on air quality and human health owing to their closer proximity to cities than ocean-going ships. In this study, the IVOC emission factors (EF_IVOCs) of three inland vessels were determined using a dilution sampling system considering different influencing factors (ship age and operating conditions). The results showed that the EF_IVOCs values ranged from 869.9 to 7607 mg/kg fuel, with an average of 4128 ± 2703 mg/kg fuel. In addition, the age of the vessel was found to have a dramatic effect on emissions with the average EF_IVOCs of inland vessels aged >10 years was 4300 ± 4319, 5769, and 6484 ± 1586 mg/kg fuel under cruising, idling, and maneuvering conditions, respectively, while that of vessels <10 years old was 1180 ± 328.3 mg/kg fuel when maneuvering. The percentages of emission factors for unresolved complex mixture (UCM), normal alkanes (n-alkanes), branched alkanes (b-alkanes), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from inland vessels were 82.1 ± 2.6 %, 5.2 ± 0.9 %, 10.6 ± 2.0 % and 2.0 ± 0.6 % of the total IVOCs, respectively. The secondary organic aerosols (SOA) production of inland vessels was estimated to be 1212 ± 801.7 mg/kg fuel, which was substantially higher than those of diesel vehicles, non-road construction machinery, and gasoline vehicles reported by other researches. Moreover, based on the ship movement and measured EF_IVOCs data, the IVOCs emission inventory of inland vessels in Jiangsu Province and China in 2016 was 4.2 ± 2.8 and 32.0 ± 21.0 Gg respectively, which was comparable to those from diesel vehicle emissions.

Keywords: Emission factor; Emission inventory; IVOCs; Influencing factors; Inland vessel; SOA.