Impact of active lifestyle on the primary school children saliva microbiota composition

Annamaria Mancini; Claudia Cerulli; Daniela Vitucci; Vito Alessandro Lasorsa; Daniela Parente; Andrea Di Credico; Stefania Orrù; Paolo Riccardo Brustio; Corrado Lupo; Alberto Rainoldi; Federico Schena; Mario Capasso; Pasqualina Buono

doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1226891

Impact of active lifestyle on the primary school children saliva microbiota composition

Front Nutr. 2023 Aug 10:10:1226891. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226891. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Annamaria Mancini^{1

2}, Claudia Cerulli³, Daniela Vitucci^{1

2}, Vito Alessandro Lasorsa², Daniela Parente^{2

4}, Andrea Di Credico^{5

6}, Stefania Orrù^{1

2}, Paolo Riccardo Brustio⁷, Corrado Lupo⁸, Alberto Rainoldi⁸, Federico Schena⁹, Mario Capasso^{2

4}, Pasqualina Buono^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, Naples, Italy.
² CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate "Franco Salvatore", Napoli, Italy.
³ Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
⁴ Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
⁵ Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy.
⁶ Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
⁷ Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
⁸ Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
⁹ Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Active or Sedentary lifestyle on saliva microbiota composition in Italian schoolchildren.

Methods: Male (114) and female children (8-10 years) belonging to five primary schools in the neighborhoods of Turin were classified as active (A) or sedentary (S) based on PAQ-C-It questionnaire. PCR amplification of salivary DNA targeted the hypervariable V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA bacterial genes. DADA2 workflow was used to infer the Amplicon Sequence Variants and the taxonomic assignments; the beta-diversity was obtained by PCoA with the UniFrac method; LEfSe algorithm, threshold at 5%, and Log LDA cutoff at ±0.5 were used to identify differently abundant species in A compared to S saliva sample. Daily food intake was assessed by 3-Days food record. The metabolic potential of microbial communities was assessed by PICRUSt.

Results: No significant differences were found in individual's gender distribution (p = 0.411), anthropometry, BMI (p > 0.05), and all diet composition between A and S groups (p > 0.05). Eight species were differently abundant: Prevotella nigrescens (LDA score = -3.76; FDR = 1.5×10-03), Collinsella aerofaciens (LDA score = -3.17; FDR = 7.45×10-03), Simonsiella muelleri (LDA score = -2.96; FDR = 2.76×10-05), Parabacteroides merdae (LDA score = -2.43; FDR = 1.3×10-02) are enriched in the A group; Gemella parahaemolysans, Prevotella aurantiaca (LDA score = -3.9; FDR = 5.27×10-04), Prevotella pallens (LDA score = 4.23; FDR = 1.93×10-02), Neisseria mucosa (LDA score = 4.43; FDR = 1.31×10-02; LDA score = 2.94; FDR = 7.45×10-03) are enriched in the S group. A prevalence of superpathway of fatty acid biosynthesis initiation (E. coli) and catechol degradation II (meta-cleavage pathway) was found in saliva from A compared to S children.

Conclusion: Our results showed that active children had an enrichment of species and genera mainly associated with a healthier profile. By contrast, the genera and the species enriched in the sedentary group could be linked to human diseases.

Keywords: children; exercise; lifestyle; microbiota; saliva.