Receptor model-based source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of metals in sediment of river Ganga, India

Basanta Kumar Das; Vikas Kumar; Lokenath Chakraborty; Himanshu Sekhar Swain; Mitesh Hiradas Ramteke; Ajoy Saha; Akash Das; Manisha Bhor; Aurobinda Upadhyay; Chayna Jana; Ranjan Kumar Manna; Srikanta Samanta; Nitish Kumar Tiwari; Archisman Ray; Shreya Roy; Supriti Bayen; Subhadeep Das Gupta

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115477

Receptor model-based source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of metals in sediment of river Ganga, India

Mar Pollut Bull. 2023 Oct:195:115477. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115477. Epub 2023 Sep 2.

Authors

Basanta Kumar Das¹, Vikas Kumar², Lokenath Chakraborty³, Himanshu Sekhar Swain⁴, Mitesh Hiradas Ramteke³, Ajoy Saha³, Akash Das⁵, Manisha Bhor³, Aurobinda Upadhyay³, Chayna Jana³, Ranjan Kumar Manna³, Srikanta Samanta³, Nitish Kumar Tiwari³, Archisman Ray³, Shreya Roy³, Supriti Bayen³, Subhadeep Das Gupta³

Affiliations

¹ ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: basantakumard@gmail.com.
² ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: kumarvikasiari@gmail.com.
³ ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India.
⁴ ICAR - Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India.
⁵ Department of Civil Engineering, Odisha University of Technology and Research, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.

PMID: 37666139
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115477

Abstract

Ganga river surface sediment was sampled from 11 locations, which revealed average concentrations (mg/kg) of metals in the order Mn (296.93) > Zn (61.94) > Cr (54.82) > Cu (30.19) > Pb (24.42) > Cd (0.36). Sediment quality guidelines showed metals rarely to occasionally exhibit adverse biological effects. Indices like potential ecological risk, contamination security index, hazard quotients, multiple probable effect concentrations quality, mean probable effects level quotients, mean effects range median quotient suggest nil to a very low level of pollution with low ecological risk. Contamination factor, geo accumulation index, enrichment factor, quantification of contamination revealed that Pb and Cd originated from anthropogenic activities. APCS-MLR model revealed that metals contributed from natural sources (Zn, Mn, Cr; 20.18 %), industrial-agricultural (Cd; 21.35 %); and discharge of paints, Pb batteries, fossil fuel (Pb; 8.49 %). Present findings will serve as an effective guideline for managing and ameliorating pollution in the river system.

Keywords: APCS-MLR model; Ganga river sediment; Geospatial mapping; Heavy metals; Risk assessment.