Selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of endocrine disrupter fungicide carbendazim through secnidazole capped silver nanoparticles

Munazza Arain; Ayman Nafady; Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq; Hafiz Muhammad Asif; Hafiz Badaruddin Ahmad; Muhammad Ali Khan; Saghir Hussain; Sirajuddin

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2023.123313

Selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of endocrine disrupter fungicide carbendazim through secnidazole capped silver nanoparticles

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2024 Jan 5:304:123313. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123313. Epub 2023 Aug 28.

Authors

Munazza Arain¹, Ayman Nafady², Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq³, Hafiz Muhammad Asif⁴, Hafiz Badaruddin Ahmad¹, Muhammad Ali Khan¹, Saghir Hussain¹, Sirajuddin⁵

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
² Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
³ HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
⁴ Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Electronic address: hmasifc@bzu.edu.pk.
⁵ HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. Electronic address: sirajuddin@iccs.edu.

PMID: 37666098
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123313

Abstract

Pesticides and fungicides are extremely useful to hinder the attacks of pests and fungi to secure crops, vegetables, fruits and other plants but due to their endocrine disrupting and carcinogenic risks in humans and animals through their continued addition in water resources they are extremely important to monitor carefully. In this investigation we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via the reducing action of sodium borohydride in the presence of secnidazole (SEC) as capping agent under various optimized parameters such as the concentration of NaBH₄, silver nitrate (AgNO₃), SEC and pH. These SEC-AgNPs were characterized through various techniques including ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta-potential analysis (ZPA) in order to investigate their diverse properties. As prepared SEC-AgNPs were proved as extremely sensitive for trace level sensing of fungicide carbendazim (CARB) in the range of 0.5-22 µM with limit of detection (LOD) equal to 0.021 µM and R² value of 0.9964. SEC-AgNPs were tested for CARB sensing under the presence of several pesticides with negligible interference thus verifying its exclusive selectivity for the targeted analyte. This SEC-AgNPs was further applied to find out the concentration of CARB in real samples of tap water and human blood plasma with reference to standard addition method.

Keywords: Carbendazim; Colorimetric sensor; Human blood plasma; Secnidazole; Silver nanoparticles; Tap water.