Classification of radial polydactyly based on physical characteristics

Abstract

Background: Previous classifications in polydactyly of the thumb were by the level of duplication on radiography. This study aimed to develop a practical algorithm based on physical characteristics for treatment guidelines.

Methods: The polydactylies were stratified using four physical characteristics: floating, symmetry, dominant side, and joint angulation/nail size. The algorithm identified the hypoplastic type and then stratified the polydactylies as symmetric and asymmetric. The asymmetric type was divided into ulnar dominant and radial dominant. The symmetric type was divided into adequate type and inadequate type. The prediction of treatments was studied retrospectively by the distribution of surgical procedures in 500 patients with 545 affected thumbs, by the new classification and the Wassel-Flatt classification.

Results: Of the 545 polydactylies, 78 (14.5%) were categorized as the hypoplastic type, 369 (67.5%) as the ulnar-dominant type, 8 (1.5%) as the radial-dominant type, 70 (12.8%) as the symmetric adequate nail type, and 20 (3.7%) as the symmetric inadequate type. Treatments were excision and reconstruction in 403 polydactylies (73.9%), simple excision in 135 polydactylies (24.8%), and the Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure, ray amputation, and on-top plasty procedures were only performed in 7 polydactylies (1.3%). The distribution of surgical procedures was distinct among the new classification types and was similar among the Wassel-Flatt types.

Conclusions: The new classification stratified polydactylies by physical findings in a stepwise manner. Though surgical technical details are not included, this simple classification is useful for paediatricians and parents to understand how a surgical decision is made.

Level of evidence: Diagnostic Level IV.

Keywords: Algorithm; Polydactyly; Preoperative decision-making; Symmetry; Wassel-Flatt classification.