Improved Limits on an Exotic Spin- and Velocity-Dependent Interaction at the Micrometer Scale with an Ensemble-NV-Diamond Magnetometer

Diguang Wu; Hang Liang; Man Jiao; Yi-Fu Cai; Chang-Kui Duan; Ya Wang; Xing Rong; Jiangfeng Du

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.071801

Improved Limits on an Exotic Spin- and Velocity-Dependent Interaction at the Micrometer Scale with an Ensemble-NV-Diamond Magnetometer

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Aug 18;131(7):071801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.071801.

Authors

Diguang Wu^{1

2

3}, Hang Liang^{1

2}, Man Jiao^{1

2}, Yi-Fu Cai^{4

5}, Chang-Kui Duan^{1

2}, Ya Wang^{1

2

3}, Xing Rong^{1

2

3}, Jiangfeng Du^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
² CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
³ Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China.
⁴ CAS Key Laboratory for Researches in Galaxies and Cosmology, School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
⁵ Department of Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

PMID: 37656856
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.071801

Abstract

Searching for exotic interactions provides a path for exploring new particles beyond the standard model. Here, we used an ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometer to search for an exotic spin- and velocity-dependent interaction between polarized electron spins and unpolarized nucleons at the micrometer scale. A thin layer of nitrogen-vacancy electronic spin ensemble in diamond is utilized as both the solid-state spin quantum sensor and the polarized electron source, and a vibrating lead sphere serves as the moving unpolarized nucleon source. The exotic interaction is searched by detecting the possible effective magnetic field induced by the moving unpolarized nucleon source using the ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometer. Our result establishes new bounds for the coupling parameter f_{⊥} within the force range from 5 to 400 μm. The upper limit of the coupling parameter at 100 μm is |f_{⊥}|≤1.1×10^{-11}, which is 3 orders of magnitude more stringent than the previous constraint. This result shows that NV ensemble can be a promising platform to search for hypothetical particles beyond the standard model.