Associated autoimmune thyroid diseases in children and adolescents with type one diabetes in Jordan

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 4;36(10):917-924. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0322. Print 2023 Oct 26.

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and related thyroid disorders among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Jordan.

Methods: In a retrospective study, thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone (Free T4) levels were measured in 684 children with type 1 diabetes who presented to Jordan University Hospital between January 2012 and February 2021. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin (TGAb) antibodies were measured in 526 and 438 subjects with type 1 diabetes, respectively.

Results: 681 children were included in the study (52.4 % females, average current age 14.3 years, average age at diagnosis 8.0 years, and average diabetes duration 6.2 years). Of the whole group, 18 children (2.6 %) were diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism and 31 children (4.4 %) had overt hypothyroidism. Of those who were tested for TPOAb and TGAb, 22.6 and 23.1 % were positive respectively. Predictors for developing hypothyroidism were female sex and positive antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase.

Conclusions: Screening for associated thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type one diabetes from Jordan is advised with a special focus on females and those with positive antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase.

Keywords: Jordan; predictors; thyroid autoimmunity; type one diabetes.