Parkinson's disease alters the composition of subgingival microbiome

Ekin Yay; Melis Yilmaz; Hilal Toygar; Nur Balci; Carla Alvarez Rivas; Basak Bolluk Kilic; Ali Zirh; Bruce Paster; Alpdogan Kantarci

doi:10.1080/20002297.2023.2250650

Parkinson's disease alters the composition of subgingival microbiome

J Oral Microbiol. 2023 Aug 28;15(1):2250650. doi: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2250650. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Ekin Yay^{1

2}, Melis Yilmaz^{1

2}, Hilal Toygar², Nur Balci², Carla Alvarez Rivas^{1

3}, Basak Bolluk Kilic², Ali Zirh⁴, Bruce Paster^{1

3}, Alpdogan Kantarci^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
² Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
³ Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Abstract

Aim: The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease exacerbates periodontitis by altering its microbiome.

Materials and methods: Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Subgingival samples from healthy controls, periodontitis patients (PD), and Parkinson's patients with periodontitis (PA+PD) were analyzed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for targeting 40 bacterial species typically associated with periodontal disease and health. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3 regions) was performed to analyze the microbiome comprehensively.

Results: Parkinson's patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunctions. Bleeding on probing was significantly increased in the PA+PD group compared to PD (p < 0.05). With checkerboard analysis, PA was associated with increased Treponema socranskii (p = 0.0062), Peptostreptococcaceae_[G-6] [Eubacterium]_nodatum (p = 0.0439), Parvimona micra (p < 0.0001), Prevotella melaninogenica (p = 0.0002), Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum (p < 0.0001), and Streptococcus anginosus (p = 0.0020). Streptococcus intermedia (p = 0.0042), P.nodatum (p = 0.0022), P. micra (p = 0.0002), Treponema denticola (p = 0.0045), L.saburreum (p = 0.0267), P.melaninogenica (p = 0.0017), Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.0020), and T.socranskii (p = 0.0002) were higher; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.0072) was lower in deep pockets in the PA+PD compared to PD. Schaalia odontolytica (p = 0.0351) and A.actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.002) were lower; C.rectus (p = 0.0002), P. micra (p = 0065), Streptococcus constellatus (p = 0.0151), T.denticola (p = 0.0141), P.melaninogenica (p = 0.0057), and T.socranskii (p = 0.0316) were higher in shallow pockets in the PA+PD. Diversity decreased in PD (p = 0.001) and PA+PD (p = 0.026) compared to control, with minimal differences in alpha and beta diversities among PD and PA+PD based on NGS results.

Conclusion: These data demonstrated that Parkinson's disease modifies PD-associated subgingival microbiome.

Keywords: Checkerboard; Parkinson’s disease; microbiome; microbiota; pathogenesis; periodontitis.

Grants and funding

RF1 AG062496/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States