Effect of a sensory diet smartphone application on the symptoms of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A feasibility study

Soraya Khanahmadi; Hossein Sourtiji; Zohreh Khanahmadi; Abbas Sheikhtaheri

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19086

Effect of a sensory diet smartphone application on the symptoms of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A feasibility study

Heliyon. 2023 Aug 12;9(8):e19086. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19086. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Authors

Soraya Khanahmadi¹, Hossein Sourtiji², Zohreh Khanahmadi³, Abbas Sheikhtaheri¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
³ Cheshmeh Occupational Therapy Center, Khomeynishahr, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Sensory integration and sensory diet can improve the symptoms of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This feasibility study aimed to evaluate the effect of using a sensory diet smartphone application by mothers on the main symptoms of their children with ADHD, including hyperactivity, attention deficit, and impulsivity.

Methods: We conducted a need assessment study with the collaboration of 15 occupational therapists, developed an Android-based prototype, and evaluated it in terms of usability with the participation of 12 available mothers of children with ADHD. 12 other selected children were divided into control and experimental groups. At first, these children were evaluated using the hyperactivity subscale of the fourth version of the Pediatric Symptoms Questionnaire, and after two months of using the application by the mothers of the children in the experimental group, both groups were re-evaluated using the same questionnaire. We compared the mean score of this questionnaire before and after the mothers' use of the application.

Results: The application included 105 sensory diet exercises presented in animated format with accompanying text explanations. According to mothers' feedback, the usability of the application was rated at a high level with an average score of 8.35 out of 9. In the experimental group, attention deficit significantly improved compared to the pre-intervention stage (Mean ± SD = 13.67 ± 6.86 vs. 22 ± 6.13, P-value<0.0001) and compared to the control group after the intervention (P-value = 0.048). Additionally, after the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvements in impulsivity (mean difference = -1.33) and hyperactivity (mean difference = -4.67) compared to the pre-intervention (P-value = 0.025 and 0.034, respectively). However, these improvements were not statistically significant when compared to the control group (P-value = 0.937 and 0.58, respectively).

Conclusion: The findings suggest that sensory diet smartphone applications have the potential to help alleviate symptoms related to attention deficit in children with ADHD.

Keywords: ADHD; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Mobile health; Sensory diet; Sensory integration; Smartphone application.