Large-Scale Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything Deployments Based on 5G-Critical Challenges, Solutions, and Vision towards 6G: A Survey

Dániel Ficzere; Pál Varga; András Wippelhauser; Hamdan Hejazi; Olivér Csernyava; Adorján Kovács; Csaba Hegedűs

doi:10.3390/s23167031

Large-Scale Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything Deployments Based on 5G-Critical Challenges, Solutions, and Vision towards 6G: A Survey

Sensors (Basel). 2023 Aug 8;23(16):7031. doi: 10.3390/s23167031.

Authors

Dániel Ficzere¹, Pál Varga¹, András Wippelhauser², Hamdan Hejazi², Olivér Csernyava³, Adorján Kovács⁴, Csaba Hegedűs¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2 Magyar Tudósok krt., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
² Department of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2 Magyar Tudósok krt., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
³ Department of Broadband Infocommunications and Electromagnetic Theory, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2 Magyar Tudósok krt., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
⁴ Department of Automation and Applied Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2 Magyar Tudósok krt., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.

Abstract

The proliferation of fifth-generation (5G) networks has opened up new opportunities for the deployment of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) systems. However, the large-scale implementation of 5G-based C-V2X poses critical challenges requiring thorough investigation and resolution for successful deployment. This paper aims to identify and analyze the key challenges associated with the large-scale deployment of 5G-based C-V2X systems. In addition, we address obstacles and possible contradictions in the C-V2X standards caused by the special requirements. Moreover, we have introduced some quite influential C-V2X projects, which have influenced the widespread adoption of C-V2X technology in recent years. As the primary goal, this survey aims to provide valuable insights and summarize the current state of the field for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers involved in the advancement of C-V2X. Furthermore, this paper presents relevant standardization aspects and visions for advanced 5G and 6G approaches to address some of the upcoming issues in mid-term timelines.

Keywords: 3GPP; 5G; 6G; cellular V2X; cellular positioning; deployments; use case.

Grants and funding

Part of this research was funded by the AIMS5.0 project, which received grant from the European H2020 research and innovation program, ECSEL Joint Undertaking, and National Funding Authorities from 12 involved countries—including Hungary—under grant agreement no. GAP-101112089.