(1) Objective: Late-line chemotherapy rechallenge in recurrent cervical cancer is associated with modest therapy response but significant side effects. As mTOR pathways modulate cellular growth via estrogen receptor (ER) signaling and combined mTOR and ER inhibition previously demonstrated survival benefits in breast cancer, this exploratory study evaluates mTOR pathway and ER expression interactions in a preclinical cervical cancer model. (2) Methods: Immunostaining of a 126-tumor core tissue microarray was performed to assess phosphorylated-mTOR and ER expression. To identify tumor subsets with different clinical behavior, expression results were matched with clinicopathologic patient characteristics, and both univariate and multivariable survival statistics were performed. (3) Results: phosphorylated-mTOR correlates with ER (r = 0.309, p < 0.001) and loss of PTEN expression (r = -2.09, p = 0.022) in tumor samples across stages but not in matched negative controls. Positive ER expression is observed significantly more often in phosphorylated-mTOR positive samples (30.0% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.001). In the subgroup of phosphorylated-mTOR positive tumors (n = 60), ER expression is associated with improved survival (p = 0.040). (4) Conclusion: ER expression appears closely intertwined with EGFR/PTEN/mTOR-pathway activation and seems to define a subgroup with clinically distinct behavior. Considering limited therapeutic options in recurrent cervical cancer, further validation of combined mTOR and ER inhibition in selected patients could appear promising.
Keywords: cervical cancer; mammalian target of rapamycin; palliative treatment; precision medicine.