Green-Mediated Synthesis of NiCo2O4 Nanostructures Using Radish White Peel Extract for the Sensitive and Selective Enzyme-Free Detection of Uric Acid

Abdul Ghaffar Solangi; Aneela Tahira; Baradi Waryani; Abdul Sattar Chang; Tajnees Pirzada; Ayman Nafady; Elmuez A Dawi; Lama M A Saleem; Mohsen Padervand; Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail; Kangle Lv; Brigitte Vigolo; Zafar Hussain Ibupoto

doi:10.3390/bios13080780

Green-Mediated Synthesis of NiCo₂O₄ Nanostructures Using Radish White Peel Extract for the Sensitive and Selective Enzyme-Free Detection of Uric Acid

Biosensors (Basel). 2023 Aug 1;13(8):780. doi: 10.3390/bios13080780.

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs, Khairpur Mirs 66111, Pakistan.
² Department of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
³ Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Nonlinear Dynamics Research Centre (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates.
⁶ Biomolecular Science, Earth and Life Science, Amsterdam University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Iran.
⁸ College of Resource and Environment, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
⁹ Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France.

Abstract

The ability to measure uric acid (UA) non-enzymatically in human blood has been demonstrated through the use of a simple and efficient electrochemical method. A phytochemical extract from radish white peel extract improved the electrocatalytic performance of nickel-cobalt bimetallic oxide (NiCo₂O₄) during a hydrothermal process through abundant surface holes of oxides, an alteration of morphology, an excellent crystal quality, and increased Co(III) and Ni(II) chemical states. The surface structure, morphology, crystalline quality, and chemical composition were determined using a variety of analytical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical characterization by CV revealed a linear range of UA from 0.1 mM to 8 mM, with a detection limit of 0.005 mM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.008 mM. A study of the sensitivity of NiCo₂O₄ nanostructures modified on the surface to UA detection with amperometry has revealed a linear range from 0.1 mM to 4 mM for detection. High stability, repeatability, and selectivity were associated with the enhanced electrochemical performance of non-enzymatic UA sensing. A significant contribution to the full outperforming sensing characterization can be attributed to the tailoring of surface properties of NiCo₂O₄ nanostructures. EIS analysis revealed a low charge-transfer resistance of 114,970 Ohms that offered NiCo₂O₄ nanostructures prepared with 5 mL of radish white peel extract, confirming an enhanced performance of the presented non-enzymatic UA sensor. As well as testing the practicality of the UA sensor, blood samples from human beings were also tested for UA. Due to its high sensitivity, stability, selectivity, repeatability, and simplicity, the developed non-enzymatic UA sensor is ideal for monitoring UA for a wide range of concentrations in biological matrixes.

Keywords: biological matrix; non-enzymatic uric acid sensor; phytochemicals; radish white peel extract.

MeSH terms

Humans
Nanostructures*
Raphanus*
Uric Acid

Substances

Uric Acid
cobalt oxide
nickel monoxide

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.