Genetic effects of chemically and biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo of female rats and their fetuses

Zeinab Kamal; Alaa H Said; A A Ebnalwaled; Ibrahim F Rehan; František Zigo; Zuzana Farkašová; Mohammad Allam

doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1142305

Genetic effects of chemically and biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo of female rats and their fetuses

Front Vet Sci. 2023 Aug 8:10:1142305. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1142305. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Zeinab Kamal¹, Alaa H Said², A A Ebnalwaled², Ibrahim F Rehan^{3

4}, František Zigo⁵, Zuzana Farkašová⁵, Mohammad Allam⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
² Electronic and Nano Devises Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
³ Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
⁵ Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia.
⁶ Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Luxor University, Luxor, Egypt.

Abstract

With the increase in nanoparticles (NPs) products on the market, the possibility of animal and human exposure to these materials will increase. The smaller size of NPs facilitates their entrance through placental barriers and allows them to accumulate in embryonic tissue, where they can then be a source of different developmental malformations. Several toxicity studies with chemically synthesized titanium dioxide NPs (CTiO₂ NPs) have been recently carried out; although there is insufficient data on exposure to biosynthesized titanium dioxide NPs (BTiO₂ NPs) during pregnancy, the study aimed to evaluate the ability of an eco-friendly biosynthesis technique using garlic extract against maternal and fetal genotoxicities, which could result from repeated exposure to TiO₂ NPs during gestation days (GD) 6-19. A total of fifty pregnant rats were divided into five groups (n = 10) and gavaged CTiO₂ NPs and BTiO₂ NPs at 100 and 300 mg/kg/day concentrations. Pregnant rats on GD 20 were anesthetized, uterine horns were removed, and then embryotoxicity was performed. The kidneys of the mothers and fetuses in each group were collected and then maintained in a frozen condition. Our results showed that garlic extract can be used as a reducing agent for the formation of TiO₂ NPs. Moreover, BTiO₂ NPs showed less toxic potential than CTiO₂ NPs in HepG₂ cells. Both chemically and biosynthesized TiO₂ NP-induced genetic variation in the 16S rRNA sequences of mother groups compared to the control group. In conclusion, the genetic effects of the 16S rRNA sequence induced by chemically synthesized TiO₂ NPs were greater than those of biosynthesized TiO₂ NPs. However, there were no differences between the control group and the embryo-treated groups with chemically and biologically synthesized TiO₂ NPs.

Keywords: 16S rRNA; biosynthesized; developmental toxicity; particle characterization; titanium dioxide.

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the Slovak project KEGA no. 009UVLF-4/2021: Innovation and implementation of new knowledge of scientific research and breeding practice to improve the teaching of foreign students on the subject of animal husbandry.