Psychosocial Development in Saudi Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Descriptive Comparative Study

Abdulaziz Hamzah; Mishary A Alassiri; Al-Shaheen Al-Ghamdi; Saleh Al-Zahrani; Rania Zahid; Waleed Alshehri; Abdullah Alsulami; Nawaf F Halabi; Rabea Baatya; Nawwaf A Almalky; Sami Maghrabi; Ibrahim Nafadi; Abdulrahman Alsubhi; Jehad Halabi

doi:10.7759/cureus.42270

Psychosocial Development in Saudi Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Descriptive Comparative Study

Cureus. 2023 Jul 21;15(7):e42270. doi: 10.7759/cureus.42270. eCollection 2023 Jul.

Authors

Abdulaziz Hamzah^{1

2}, Mishary A Alassiri^{1

2}, Al-Shaheen Al-Ghamdi^{1

2}, Saleh Al-Zahrani^{1

2}, Rania Zahid^{1

2}, Waleed Alshehri^{1

2}, Abdullah Alsulami^{1

2}, Nawaf F Halabi^{1

2}, Rabea Baatya^{1

2}, Nawwaf A Almalky^{1

2}, Sami Maghrabi^{1

2}, Ibrahim Nafadi^{1

2}, Abdulrahman Alsubhi^{1

2}, Jehad Halabi³

Affiliations

¹ College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.
² Department of Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.
³ College of Nursing, Qatar University, Doha, QAT.

Abstract

Background Diabetes mellitus imposes a significant psychological and social burden on the affected individuals. The impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on psychosocial development has not been well investigated in the literature. We aim to fill the aforementioned gap by conducting a comparative study to accurately assess the impact of this chronic disease on psychosocial development among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Methodology This structured, phone-based, comparative, and cross-sectional study targets adolescents with T1DM and those without diabetes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Our study utilized a validated instrument psychosocial inventory of ego strengths (PIES), to assess the psychosocial development among the participants. An IRB approval has been granted for this study. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The data collection spanned the duration from November 1, 2020, until June 8, 2021. Results A total of 310 individuals were included in the study, 90 of whom were adolescents living with diabetes, and 220 were adolescents not living with diabetes. This study indicates that the individuals with diabetes showed significantly lower development in the Hope and Care subscales compared to the control group. We found no significant correlation between HbA1C levels and scores on the psychosocial development subscales. With regards to comorbidities, adolescents living with T1DM had significantly higher rates than the control group, with asthma being the most frequently reported comorbidity. Conclusion This study in Saudi Arabia found that adolescents living with diabetes demonstrated lower scores in Hope and Care subscales compared to adolescents not living with diabetes. It highlights the importance of healthcare professionals monitoring and addressing the psychosocial needs of T1DM patients through a multidisciplinary approach and referral to specialized support services when necessary. Further research and interventions are needed to promote the psychosocial well-being of individuals with T1DM.

Keywords: adolescent diabetes; child and adolescent psychiatry; diabetes; diabetes miletus; psychosocial development.