Success of health cell approach in improving knowledge, attitude and practice related to COVID-19: difference-in-differences analyses of a community-based quasi-experimental trial

Abstract

Objectives: There remain hesitations and miscommunication regarding appropriate public health behaviours and conceptions related to COVID-19. We tested the effectiveness of the community-based health cell approach in improving knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) related to COVID-19.

Setting: Households of the Bauniabadh slum area in Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Participants: Household heads (HHs) and homemakers (HMs) of intervention (n=211) and comparison households (n=209).

Interventions: Behaviour change communication delivered at the community level in a quasi-experimental manner through small-scale community meetings and home visits.

Outcome variables and methods: The outcomes of interest were before-after mean and per cent changes in KAP scores. Data were collected from HHs and HMs before and after the intervention and difference-in-differences (DID) analysis technique was applied.

Results: We found statistically significant (p<0.05) before-after differences in the responses to the KAP questions made by the intervention groups. The DID models estimated the improvements in COVID-19-related KAP of HHs by 16.58 (95% CI: 14.05, 19.12), 20.92 (95% CI: 18.17, 23.67) and 28.45 (95% CI: 23.84, 33.07) per cent points, respectively. The DID estimates of KAP in HMs were 17.8 (95% CI: 15.09, 20.51), 22.33 (95% CI: 19.47, 25.19) and 28.06 (95% CI: 23.18, 32.93) per cent points, respectively. Overall, 20.91 (95% CI: 18.87, 22.94) and 21.81 (95% CI: 19.68, 23.94) per cent points of improvement were observed among HHs and HMs, respectively. The DID estimates of before-after mean changes in different KAP domains ranged from 2.24 to 2.68 units and the overall changes in KAP scores among HHs and HMs were 7.11 (95% CI: 6.42, 7.8) and 7.42 (95% CI: 6.69, 8.14) units.

Conclusion: Scientifically valid information disseminated at the community level using the health cell approach could bring positive changes in KAP related to COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Epidemiology; Public health.