Otolaryngology-related symptoms of COVID-19 in children in the post-epidemic era: a cross-sectional web-based survey study

Yong-Chao Chen; Xin Wang; Yi-Shu Teng; De-Sheng Jia; Lan Li; Hong-Guang Pan

doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1190734

Otolaryngology-related symptoms of COVID-19 in children in the post-epidemic era: a cross-sectional web-based survey study

Front Pediatr. 2023 Aug 4:11:1190734. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1190734. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Yong-Chao Chen^#^{1

2}, Xin Wang^#^{1

2}, Yi-Shu Teng¹, De-Sheng Jia^{1

2}, Lan Li¹, Hong-Guang Pan¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
² Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Purpose: China adjusted and optimized its prevention and control strategies in December 2022, and it entered a new era of the coronavirus epidemic. Here, we describe the general and otolaryngology-related symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children during the first pandemic in the post-epidemic era, focusing on the frequency and severity of smell and taste loss, as well as the recovery process and its influencing factors.

Patients and methods: From 2 January to 7 January 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional online questionnaire survey through Questionnaire Stars in order to collect relevant information about COVID-19 in children in Shenzhen.

Results: A total of 1,247 valid questionnaires were received, with an effective response rate of 78.72%. All of the diagnoses were confirmed by nucleic acid or antigen test for COVID-19. Among the subjects, the sex ratio of male to female was more inclined to male (1.35:1), and the age was 3-16 years, with an average of 10.13 ± 2.82 years old. The most common symptoms were cough (58.24%), stuffy nose (56.18%), headache (42.09%), fatigue (40.44%), and sore throat (31.63%). Approximately 6.43% of the children reported dysosmia, the mean time of the duration of dysosmia was 5.38 ± 2.92 days, and the mean score of the severity of the dysosmia as assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) was 4.63 ± 2.29. Approximately 13.34% reported dysgeusia, the mean time of the duration of dysgeusia was 4.77 ± 3.98 days, and the mean score of the severity of the dysgeusia as assessed by VAS was 5.12 ± 2.29. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of taste and olfactory disorders increased with age, mainly in children with severe symptoms and older children.

Conclusion: In the post-epidemic era, due to weakening of the pathogenicity of the subvariant of Omicron, overall condition of children with COVID-19 was mild, incidence of olfactory and taste disorders was low, recovery was faster, and prognosis was better. In our study, cough, runny nose, and sore throat were the most common symptoms, and the prevalence of taste and olfactory disorders increased with age, mainly in older children with severe symptoms.

Keywords: children; epidemic era; olfactory disorders; post-COVID-19; taste disorders.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Committee (no. JCYJ20210324143008022) and Guangdong High-level Hospital Construction Fund Clinical Research Project of Shenzhen Children’s Hospital (no. LCYJ2022063).