The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease

Carrie B Wiese; Rozeta Avetisyan; Karen Reue

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.003

The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease

Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Oct;34(10):652-665. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.003. Epub 2023 Aug 17.

Authors

Carrie B Wiese¹, Rozeta Avetisyan¹, Karen Reue²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
² Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: reuek@ucla.edu.

Abstract

Many aspects of metabolism are sex-biased, from gene expression in metabolic tissues to the prevalence and presentation of cardiometabolic diseases. The influence of hormones produced by male and female gonads has been widely documented, but recent studies have begun to elucidate the impact of genetic sex (XX or XY chromosomes) on cellular and organismal metabolism. XX and XY cells have differential gene dosage conferred by specific genes that escape X chromosome inactivation or the presence of Y chromosome genes that are absent from XX cells. Studies in mouse models that dissociate chromosomal and gonadal sex have uncovered mechanisms for sex-biased epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in conditions such as obesity, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, autoimmune disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

Keywords: X chromosome inactivation escape; four core genotypes mouse model; gene regulation; gonadal sex; sex chromosomes.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Alzheimer Disease* / genetics
Animals
Atherosclerosis*
Autoimmune Diseases*
Disease Models, Animal
Epigenomics
Female
Male
Mice

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding