Biases in affective attention tasks in posttraumatic stress disorder patients: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies

Lorena T L Guerra; Juliana M Rocha; Flávia de L Osório; José C Bouso; Jaime E C Hallak; Rafael G Dos Santos

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108660

Biases in affective attention tasks in posttraumatic stress disorder patients: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies

Biol Psychol. 2023 Oct:183:108660. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108660. Epub 2023 Aug 18.

Authors

Lorena T L Guerra¹, Juliana M Rocha², Flávia de L Osório³, José C Bouso⁴, Jaime E C Hallak⁵, Rafael G Dos Santos⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Electronic address: lorenaterene@gmail.com.
² Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Electronic address: mendesrjuliana@gmail.com.
³ Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology Translational Medicine, Brazil. Electronic address: flaliosorio@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; ICEERS Foundation, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Anthopology Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. Electronic address: jcbouso@iceers.org.
⁵ Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology Translational Medicine, Brazil; ICEERS Foundation, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jechallak@gmail.com.
⁶ Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology Translational Medicine, Brazil; ICEERS Foundation, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: banisteria@gmail.com.

PMID: 37597766
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108660

Abstract

Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by alterations in emotional and cognitive processing. The current neurobiological model of PTSD posits that amygdala and prefrontal cortex functioning impairment underpins symptoms, such as altered emotional and cognitive processing. Additionally, these structures are key components of emotional and attention regulation.

Aim: This review sought to evaluate studies comparing PTSD group to non-PTSD controls performance in affective attention tasks during neuroimaging.

Results: PTSD group behavioral performance when responding to affective stimuli differed from controls only in stroop-based tasks. However, neuroimaging techniques were able to identify brain activation differences even when behavioral differences were not present. Amygdala hyperactivation in PTSD patients was confirmed in most cases, but cortical networks results were not as consistent. More than a general reduction in activity, PTSD group data points out to impaired recruitment of ventral cortical structures and increased reliance on dorsal cortical structures during task performance.

Conclusion: Stroop-based tasks seem to be better at identifying differences in behavioral performance of PTSD individuals. PTSD individuals seems to present an altered brain activation pattern in affective attention tasks when compared to controls, where PTSD individuals seem to present enhanced amygdala activation and rely more on dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and posterior insula activation during tasks. The PROSPERO ID for this study is CRD42022355471.

Keywords: Affective Attention; Attention Bias; Neuroimaging; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Publication types

Review