Background: Malignant esophageal stenosis is a common and severe complication of advanced esophageal cancer that can be a serious problem in the continuation of chemotherapy and other anticancer treatments. The impact of chemotherapy regimens on the degree of improvement in esophageal stenosis is unknown. In this study, we focused on the impacts of chemotherapy on the direct anticancer effects, and in the improvement of malignant stenosis.
Methods: Patients who underwent radical esophagectomy after chemotherapy, either adjuvant 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP) or docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) regimen, were included. We assessed the length of the cancerous stenosis, the width of the narrowest segment, and the size of the intraluminal area in the stenotic segment by fluoroscopy, and compared the differences before and after chemotherapy. In addition, we evaluated the dysphagia score (Mellow-Pinkas scoring system) as the evaluation of patients' symptoms. The antitumor effects of chemotherapy were also investigated.
Results: A total of 81 patients were enrolled: 50 were treated with FP, and 31 were treated with DCF. The expansion rate in the length of the narrowest part was significantly increased in the DCF group compared with the FP group. Furthermore, the stenosis index (intraluminal stenotic area/stenotic length) was significantly increased in the DCF group compared with the FP group (112% vs 96%, P = 0.038). Dysphagia score after chemotherapy significantly improved in the DCF group compared to the FP group (P = 0.007). The response rates were 60% in the FP group and 67.7% in the DCF group. Effective histopathological response (improvement to grade 2 or 3) was 24% in the FP group and 38.8% in the DCF group.
Conclusion: DCF therapy is more effective than FP treatment in the improvement of malignant esophageal stenosis.
Keywords: Chemotherapy; Dysphagia score; Esophageal cancer; Malignant esophageal stenosis.
© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.