The association of vitamin K status with lung function and disease in a general population

Torkil Jespersen; Freja Bach Kampmann; Thomas Meinertz Dantoft; Niklas Rye Jørgensen; Line Lund Kårhus; Flemming Madsen; Allan Linneberg; Sanne Marie Thysen

doi:10.1183/23120541.00208-2023

The association of vitamin K status with lung function and disease in a general population

ERJ Open Res. 2023 Sep 25;9(5):00208-2023. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00208-2023. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Authors

Torkil Jespersen¹, Freja Bach Kampmann¹, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft¹, Niklas Rye Jørgensen^{2

3}, Line Lund Kårhus¹, Flemming Madsen¹, Allan Linneberg^{1

3}, Sanne Marie Thysen¹

Affiliations

¹ Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
² Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³ Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Abstract

Introduction: Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an inhibitor of lung tissue calcification. The plasma level of dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) is a biomarker of vitamin K status. The present study assessed whether lower vitamin K status (reflected by higher dp-ucMGP) was associated with lung function and lung disease/symptoms.

Methods: A general population sample of 4092 individuals, aged 24 to 77 years, underwent a health examination including questionnaires, spirometry and measurements of plasma dp-ucMGP. Associations of dp-ucMGP with lung function and self-reported disease/symptoms were estimated using regression models adjusted for age, sex and height. Associations were expressed as β-estimates or odds ratios (ORs) per doubling in dp-ucMGP.

Results: Lower vitamin K status (higher dp-ucMGP) was associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) (98 mL; 95% CI: 54-141 mL) and lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (136 mL; 95% CI: 85-187 mL). Dp-ucMGP was not associated with the FEV₁/FVC ratio (0.0 percentage points higher than the expected value; 95% CI: -1.0-1.0). Furthermore, lower vitamin K status was associated with COPD (OR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.53-3.27), wheezing (OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.44-2.28) and asthma (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.12-1.83).

Conclusion: Lower vitamin K status was associated with lower ventilatory capacity (lower FEV₁ and FVC), and with higher risk of self-reported asthma, COPD and wheezing. Vitamin K status was not associated with airflow obstruction (FEV₁/FVC ratio).