Removal of crystal violet dye using a three-dimensional network of date pits powder/sodium alginate hydrogel beads: Experimental optimization and DFT calculation

Adel Mokhtar; Soumia Abdelkrim; Mohammed Hachemaoui; Bouhadjar Boukoussa; Wahiba Chaibi; Amina Sardi; Amal Djelad; Mohammed Sassi; Ismail Issam; Jibran Iqbal; Shashikant P Patole; Mohamed Abboud

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126270

Removal of crystal violet dye using a three-dimensional network of date pits powder/sodium alginate hydrogel beads: Experimental optimization and DFT calculation

Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Aug 14:251:126270. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126270. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Materials Chemistry L.C.M, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524, El-Mnaouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria; Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Relizane, 48000 Relizane, Algeria. Electronic address: mokhtar.adel80@gmail.com.
² Laboratory of Materials Chemistry L.C.M, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524, El-Mnaouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria.
³ Laboratory of Materials Chemistry L.C.M, University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524, El-Mnaouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria; Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf, BP 1505, El-Mnaouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria.
⁴ Center for Scientific and Technical Research in Physico-chemical Analysis, BP 384, Zone Industrial Bou-Ismail, RP 42004, Tipaza, Algeria; Physical and Organic Macromolecular Chemistry Laboratory (LCOPM), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University "Djillali Liabes", BP 89, Sidi Bel Abb, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Computer Science, University of Hassiba Ben Bouali, Chlef, 02000, Algeria.
⁶ Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
⁷ College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, 144534, United Arab Emirates.
⁸ Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
⁹ Catalysis Research Group (CRG), Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 37582434
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126270

Abstract

Biodegradable and very low-cost adsorbent beads were prepared from date pits powder (DP) and sodium alginate (SA). DP to SA ratios was varied (1/2, 1/4 and 1/6) and used to eliminate Crystal violet (CV) a cationic dye. Adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDS, UV-vis DR, TGA and the point of zero charge (pH_PZC). The optimal composite beads SA@6DP show high adsorption capacities of 83.565 mg/g toward CV than SA@2DP and SA@4DP. The kinetics investigation showed that the adsorption is well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R² = 0.998). The thermodynamics and isotherms studies exhibit that the adsorption phenomenon for SA@6DP adsorbent is endothermic and significantly fitted with the Redlich-Peterson model. The experimental adsorption tests were optimized by the Box-Behnken design (BBD) which led to conclude the maximal CV removal efficiency achieved by SA@6DP was 99.873 % using [CV] = 50 mg/L, adsorbent mass = 20 mg and 48 h of contact time. The theoretical calculation proved that the CV molecules favor the mode of attack due to their electrophilic character and can accept the SA@6DP adsorbent electrons more easily to form an anti-bonding orbital. SA@6DP hydrogel beads are therefore an exceptional bio-adsorbent that offers excellent adsorption performance.

Keywords: Adsorption; Crystal violet; DFT study; Optimization; Sodium alginate.