Effective voltammetric tool for Nano-detection of triazine herbicide (1-Chloro-3-ethylamino-5-isopropylamino-2,4,6-triazine) by naphthalene derivative

Simranjeet Singh; Pavithra Narasimhappa; Nadeem A Khan; Vishakha Chauhan; Nabila Shehata; S K Behera; Joginder Singh; Praveen C Ramamurthy

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116808

Effective voltammetric tool for Nano-detection of triazine herbicide (1-Chloro-3-ethylamino-5-isopropylamino-2,4,6-triazine) by naphthalene derivative

Environ Res. 2023 Nov 1;236(Pt 2):116808. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116808. Epub 2023 Aug 12.

Authors

Simranjeet Singh¹, Pavithra Narasimhappa¹, Nadeem A Khan², Vishakha Chauhan¹, Nabila Shehata³, S K Behera⁴, Joginder Singh⁵, Praveen C Ramamurthy⁶

Affiliations

¹ Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India.
² Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
³ Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India.
⁶ Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India. Electronic address: onegroupb203@gmail.com.

PMID: 37579962
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116808

Abstract

The development and operation of a nanosensor for detecting the poisonous 1-chloro-3-ethylamino-5-isopropylamino-2,4,6-triazine (Atrazine) are described in this study for the first time. The carbon electrode (CE) surface was modified with cysteine-substituted naphthalene diimide to create this sensitive platform. The developed nanosensor (NDI-cys/GCE) was evaluated for its ability to sense Atrazine using differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. To achieve the best response from the target analyte, the effects of several parameters were examined to optimize the conditions. The cysteine-substituted naphthalene diimide significantly improved the signals of the Atrazine compared to bare GCE due to the synergistic activity of substituted naphthalene diimide and cysteine molecules. Under optimal conditions, atrazine detection limits at the (NDI-cys/GCE) were reported to be 94 nM with a linear range of 10-100 μM. The developed sensing platform also showed positive results when used to detect the atrazine herbicide in real tap water, wastewater, and milk samples. Furthermore, a reasonable recovery rate for real-time studies, repeatability, and stability revealed that the developed electrochemical platform could be used for sample analysis.

Keywords: Atrazine; Electrochemical; Pollution; Real-time analysis; Sensing.