Comparative evaluation of the potential anti-spasmodic activity of Piper longum, Piper nigrum, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula, and Zingiber officinale in experimental animals

Bansilal R Tiwari; Mohammed Naseeruddin Inamdar; Raha Orfali; Ahmed Alshehri; Adel Alghamdi; Moneer E Almadani; Sultan Alshehri; Syed Imam Rabbani; Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101705

Comparative evaluation of the potential anti-spasmodic activity of Piper longum, Piper nigrum, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula, and Zingiber officinale in experimental animals

Saudi Pharm J. 2023 Sep;31(9):101705. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101705. Epub 2023 Jul 20.

Authors

Bansilal R Tiwari¹, Mohammed Naseeruddin Inamdar², Raha Orfali³, Ahmed Alshehri⁴, Adel Alghamdi⁵, Moneer E Almadani⁶, Sultan Alshehri⁷, Syed Imam Rabbani⁸, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India.
² Department of Pharmacology, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India.
³ Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box 1988 Al Baha, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, 13713 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: Spasm of muscle is one of the frequent complaints seen by most of the population worldwide. The present study evaluated the efficacy of some of the commonly used herbal extracts against known spasmogens, such as histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).

Material and methods: The study was conducted on isolated guinea pig ileum and rat uterus preparations using histamine and 5-HT, respectively. Five herbal extracts such as Piper longum (P.L), Piper nigrum (P.N), Terminalia bellerica (T.B), Terminalia chebula (T.C), and Zingiber officinale (Z.O) were tested. Herbal extracts at doses 50, 150, 500, 1500, and 5000 mcg/ml were pretreated to the isolated tissue preparation, and the contractile response of histamine and 5-HT was recorded. The efficacy and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA.

Results: The study indicated that all five herbal extracts produced a concentration-dependent suppression of histamine and 5-HT-induced responses. A significant (p < 0.05) non-competitive antagonism was observed against the known spasmogen induced smooth muscle contraction for P.L, P.N, T.B, and Z.O in both guinea pigs and rat uterus preparation. Moreover, P.L and P.N completely abolished (100%) the contractile response induced by histamine and 5-HT. Although, T.C produced a concentration-dependent reduction in known spasmogen-induced contraction but the response was found to be statistically non-significant (p greater than 0.05).

Conclusion: The finding suggested that P.L. and P.N. have better activity in terms of reducing the spasmogenic contractions compared to other extracts. Additionally, T.B. and Z.O. can lessen the uterine and intestinal contractions brought on by spasmogens. Although P.L and P.N demonstrated better efficacy against the spasmogenic activity of histamine and 5-HT, more research, particularly on isolated phytochemicals of the extracts and involving different experimental models, is required before establishing the precise safety and efficacy against spasmogenic-induced disorders.

Keywords: Anti-spasmodic activity; Natural products; Piper longum; Piper nigrum; Terminalia bellerica; Terminalia chebula; Zingiber officinale.