Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among pregnant women in Herat, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study

Aziz-Ur-Rahman Niazi; Mina Alekozay; Khadejah Osmani; Abdul Fattah Najm

doi:10.1002/hsr2.1490

Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among pregnant women in Herat, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study

Health Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 11;6(8):e1490. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1490. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Authors

Aziz-Ur-Rahman Niazi¹, Mina Alekozay¹, Khadejah Osmani², Abdul Fattah Najm³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Herat University Herat Afghanistan.
² Department of Surgery, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Herat University Herat Afghanistan.
³ Mental Health Program International Assistance Mission Herat Afghanistan.

Abstract

Background and aims: Pregnancy is an important and natural event in a woman's life. It represents a time of substantial social and bio-psychological challenges for a pregnant woman that may increase vulnerability to emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS). This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of DAS among pregnant women in Herat city of Afghanistan.

Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between July and November 2019, on 691 Dari-speaking pregnant women aged 15-49 years, who attended the antenatal clinic of Herat Razaei Maternity Hospital. The interview process involved the use of a structured questionnaire that collected data on sociodemographic characteristics of participants, as well as the validated Dari-translated version of DASS-42 questionnaire. A χ ² test was used to test for association between categorical data. Forward likelihood ratio was used to assess the strength of association between sociodemographic variables and DAS; independently. The significance level was set to 0.05 and the confidence interval to 95% in all statistical analyses. Statistical analyses were performed in IBM SPSS Statistics (version 27).

Results: The mean age of participants was 26.17 ± 6.06. The overall prevalence of DAS among study participants were 42.8%, 40.0%, and 59.5%, respectively. Planning of current pregnancy, women's health, husband's health, women's nutrition, family support, husband's support, women's education, women's employment, and family economy were significantly associated with DAS, while gestational age was not significantly associated with DAS.

Conclusion: The prevalence of DAS among pregnant women in Herat city of Afghanistan is very high. Considering scientific evidence on high prevalence and associated factors of DAS among pregnant women, policymakers, public health authorities, and medical practitioners must devote significant attention in reducing the magnitude of these mental disorders and/or reducing their impact on women, their families, and the society.

Keywords: Afghanistan; Herat; anxiety; depression; pregnant women; stress.