Training effects of set- and repetition-interval rest time on recumbent-boxing exercise: Could virtual reality improve further?

Yi Wang; Qi Chen; Liangchao Liu; Qiuhong He; James Chung-Wai Cheung; Duo Wai-Chi Wong; Yang Liu; Wing-Kai Lam

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107399

Training effects of set- and repetition-interval rest time on recumbent-boxing exercise: Could virtual reality improve further?

iScience. 2023 Jul 20;26(8):107399. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107399. eCollection 2023 Aug 18.

Authors

Yi Wang^{1

2}, Qi Chen³, Liangchao Liu³, Qiuhong He⁴, James Chung-Wai Cheung⁵, Duo Wai-Chi Wong^{5

6}, Yang Liu^{7

8}, Wing-Kai Lam⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physical Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
² Sports and Social Development Research Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
³ Physical Education Department, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China.
⁴ School of Physical Education, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
⁵ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
⁶ Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
⁷ L&L Technology PTY Company Limited, Cheltenham, VIC 3192, Australia.
⁸ School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
⁹ Sports Information and External Affairs Center, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong 999077, China.

Abstract

This study examined the influence of set-interval and repetition-interval rest time of virtual reality (VR) boxing game in supine-lying posture. Fifty healthy middle-aged adults were randomly assigned into VR and non-VR groups to perform six different exercise protocols with varying set-interval and repetition-interval rest times (S₀R₀, S₀R_1/3, S₀R_2/3, S₄₀R₀, S₄₀R_1/3, and S₄₀R_2/3). Analysis on the non-VR group showed significant differences between exercise protocols for average heart rate (p < 0.001), maximum ventilation volume (p < 0.001), respiratory quotient (p < 0.001), oxygen pulse (p < 0.001), and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) (p = 0.003). VR appeared to have no further improvement on physical training effects in middle-aged adults, while the participants reported negative experience that might be associated with the over-exertion. Future study might need to explore game design elements that can accommodate high-exertion exercises.

Keywords: Computer science; Health sciences; Human-centered computing.