A comprehensive insight into the role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and SNHGs in human cancers

Huldani Huldani; Kumaraswamy Gandla; Mohammed Asiri; Rosario Mireya Romero-Parra; Ali Alsalamy; Ahmed Hjazi; Mazin A A Najm; Albab Fawaz; Beneen M Hussien; Rajesh Singh

doi:10.1016/j.prp.2023.154679

A comprehensive insight into the role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and SNHGs in human cancers

Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Sep:249:154679. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154679. Epub 2023 Jul 16.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
² Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chaitanya Deemed to be University, Hanamkonda, India. Electronic address: drkumaraswamygandla@gmail.com.
³ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of General Medicine, Universidad Continental, Lima, Peru. Electronic address: rosarioromeroparra@gmail.com.
⁵ College of Medical Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq.
⁶ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
⁸ Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq.
⁹ Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
¹⁰ Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India.

PMID: 37567032
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154679

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which comprise most non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have recently become a focus of cancer research. How many functional ncRNAs exist is still a matter of debate. Although insufficient evidence supports that most lncRNAs function as transcriptional by-products, it is widely known that an increasing number of lncRNAs play essential roles in cells. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), 60-300 nucleotides in length, have been better studied than long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and are predominantly present in the nucleolus. Most snoRNAs are encoded in introns of protein- and non-protein-coding genes called small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs). In this article, we explore the biology and characteristics of SNHGs and their role in developing human malignancies. In addition, we provide an update on the ability of these snoRNAs to serve as prognostic and diagnostic variables in various forms of cancer.

Keywords: Cancer; Long non-coding RNA; Short nucleolar RNA host genes; Small nucleolar RNA.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Humans
Neoplasms* / genetics
RNA, Long Noncoding* / genetics
RNA, Small Nucleolar / genetics
RNA, Untranslated

Substances

RNA, Small Nucleolar
RNA, Long Noncoding
RNA, Untranslated