The aim of this study was to perform the cultural adaptation and validation of the Barriers to HIV testing scale-Karolinska version for Brazilian men who have sex with men. A methodological study was conducted for cultural adaptation and validation of the scale. Reliability analyses, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent and discriminant validity tests were performed. Four factors were extracted: F1, personal consequences; F2, structural barriers; F3, confidentiality; F4, economic consequences and individual concerns. Good fit indexes were obtained: (χ 2 )/GL (2.71); goodness of fit index (0.94); root-mean-square error of approximation (0.052; 90% CI [0.045-0.059]); Tucker-Lewis index (0.94); normed fit index (0.93); IFI (0.95); comparative fit index (0.95). Convergent validity results were greater than 0.7 for the four factors. The adapted version of the scale showed satisfactory reliability and validity for assessing barriers to HIV testing among men who have sex with men.
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