Influenza as an important factor causing increased risk of patients' deaths, excessive morbidity and prolonged hospital stays

Jarosław Drobnik; Piotr Pobrotyn; Izabela T Witczak; Adam Antczak; Robert Susło

doi:10.5114/aoms/138145

Influenza as an important factor causing increased risk of patients' deaths, excessive morbidity and prolonged hospital stays

Arch Med Sci. 2021 Jun 4;19(4):941-951. doi: 10.5114/aoms/138145. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Jarosław Drobnik¹, Piotr Pobrotyn², Izabela T Witczak³, Adam Antczak⁴, Robert Susło¹

Affiliations

¹ Epidemiology and Health Education Division, Population Health Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
² Management, University Clinical Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.
³ Public Health Division, Population Health Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
⁴ Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Abstract

Introduction: Influenza infection is associated with potential serious complications, increased hospitalization rates and a higher risk of death.

Material and methods: A retrospective comparative analysis of selected indicators of hospitalization at the University Hospital in Wroclaw was conducted on patients with confirmed influenza infection and a control group during the 2018-2019 influenza season. The threshold for statistical significance of differences between the groups was set at p < 0.05.

Results: The types of influenza viruses confirmed in the hospital patients were remarkably similar to those occurring in the general population in Poland. The largest numbers of influenza cases were observed at the departments related to internal medicine where patients with cardiac, lung and renal diseases were hospitalized. The risk of death among the patients with confirmed influenza infection was significantly higher than among the other patients. The highest risk of death was observed among the patients with confirmed influenza infection at the departments related to internal medicine. Considering patients from the entire hospital, the mean length of hospital stay for those with confirmed influenza was 2.13-fold longer than for those in the control group. Comparisons of the median, minimum and maximum lengths of hospitalization between the patients with confirmed influenza infection and the control group reveal even more distinct differences.

Conclusions: Significant differences in the selected indicators of hospitalization were observed between the patients with confirmed influenza infection and the control group; they are associated with serious social costs, such as prolonged hospital stay and a higher risk of death during hospitalization in Poland.

Keywords: aged; hospital economics; human influenza; influenza vaccines; length of stay; medical economics; morbidity; mortality; multimorbidity.