1 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA.
2 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA.
3 Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA.
4 Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA.
5 Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA. Electronic address: mfischbe@stanford.edu.