Characterization of Post-COVID-19 Clinical Manifestations Among Patients Visiting a Post-COVID-19 Clinic in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Study

Sivaselvi C; Manju Rajaram; Jayalakshmi Ramakrishnan; Vishnukanth Govindaraj; Vemuri Mahesh Babu; Subathra Adithan; Mukta Wyawahare

doi:10.7759/cureus.41523

Characterization of Post-COVID-19 Clinical Manifestations Among Patients Visiting a Post-COVID-19 Clinic in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Study

Cureus. 2023 Jul 7;15(7):e41523. doi: 10.7759/cureus.41523. eCollection 2023 Jul.

Authors

Sivaselvi C¹, Manju Rajaram¹, Jayalakshmi Ramakrishnan², Vishnukanth Govindaraj¹, Vemuri Mahesh Babu³, Subathra Adithan⁴, Mukta Wyawahare⁵

Affiliations

¹ Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND.
² Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND.
³ Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Puducherry, IND.
⁴ Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND.
⁵ General Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND.

Abstract

Background On December 21, 2019, a pneumonia-like outbreak of an unknown cause or origin was found to be emerging in Wuhan, China. In India, the first case of COVID-19 was found in Kerala and then started to spread all over India. Most of the infected people have recovered from the disease, but some patients were found to have symptoms at post-discharge follow-up. Although there are many studies on COVID-19 symptoms and signs during hospital stays, there is a scarcity of information regarding post-COVID-19 manifestations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of post-COVID-19 symptoms in patients attending the post-COVID-19 clinics. Methods A descriptive study was started on August 2021 at a tertiary care hospital in Southern India after institutional research and ethics committee clearance. All patients attending the post-COVID clinic, who tested positive for COVID-19 (RT-PCR or rapid antigen test (RAT) diagnosed or radiographically diagnosed COVID-19 (COVID-19 Reporting and Data System [CO-RADS] 5) were recruited. The proportion of people developing post-COVID-19 manifestations and categorization of symptoms in post-COVID-19 and its relationship to the severity of COVID-19 infections and the differences in post-COVID symptoms between hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients were studied. Results We enrolled 227 post-COVID patients who presented to the post-COVID clinic. The median age (IQR) of the participant was 52 (38-59) years, and the male-to-female ratio was 126/101 (1.24). Among 227 patients, 164 (72%) patients had exertional dyspnea, 109 (48%) patients had cough with expectoration, 96 (42.2%) patients with fatigue, 28 (12.33%) patients had myalgia, 18 (7.92) patients had a fever, 12 (5.28%) patients had hair loss, and 30 (13%) had other issues (loss of smell, sleep disturbances, and headache). Among 227, 142 (62.5%) patients were admitted to the hospital for acute COVID-19, and 85 (37.4) patients were in home isolation, but no statistical significance was found between in symptoms. Conclusion From this descriptive study, a high prevalence of post-COVID symptoms was noted, such aslike post-SARS syndrome. Mostly, researchers and clinicians have focused on acute COVID-19, but long-term follow-up with multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment is needed in all patients who recovered from acute COVID-19.

Keywords: clinical manifestations; covid-19; hospitalization; post-covid symptoms; post-covid-19; sars-cov-2.