The method of filling mining can solve the problem of surface subsidence caused by coal mining. Among them, it is crucial to study the mechanism of filler strength improvement timeliness and filler mining to control rock movement for filler mining. In this paper, by combining theoretical analysis and similar simulation experiments, compressive strength is used as the research parameter to conduct proportioning test research on paste filling similar materials such as coal gangue, fly ash, and cement. The results prove that the strengths of the test ratios can meet the strength design criteria and lay the foundation for the requirements of similar simulation experiments. In order to study the characteristics of overburden failure, stress and displacement in the process of filling mining, the key technical parameters of overburden movement are determined. Similar simulation experiments were conducted to study the movement and deformation of overburden rock and the displacement and stress distribution law of overburden rock in the coal mine under different filling rates and filling steps conditions. The results show that the filling rate and filling step are the keys to preventing the overlying rock from rupture and collapse, and the larger the filling rate is, the smaller the stress and displacement of the overburden; the larger the filling step is, the larger the displacement and stress change of the overburden, and vice versa. In addition, the displacement curve along the strike is basically an "arch" type distribution, and the stress variation trend is "large-small-large" with a "Z" type distribution. The research results are of great significance to guide the practice of filling mining and can provide the theoretical basis for its further promotion.
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