Groundwater security indicators and their drivers: An assessment made in a region of tropical climate (Paraopeba River basin, Brazil)

Fernando António Leal Pacheco; Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165919

Groundwater security indicators and their drivers: An assessment made in a region of tropical climate (Paraopeba River basin, Brazil)

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 25:901:165919. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165919. Epub 2023 Jul 30.

Authors

Fernando António Leal Pacheco¹, Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra²

Affiliations

¹ Chemistry Centre of Vila Real - CQVR, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: fpacheco@utad.pt.
² São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: teresa.pissarra@unesp.br.

PMID: 37527724
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165919

Abstract

Groundwater helps overcoming periods of drought buffering their effects on water supply to people, natural ecosystems and the economy. Following the latest Conference of the Parties (COP27), groundwater research gained renewed impulse because the Parties committed themselves to invest on environmental dimensions of water security related with aquifer characterization and protection. In that context, the purpose of this study was to help providing an integrated assessment to some fundamental issues about groundwater security, summarized as the three "how"s: how much, how ready and for how long can groundwater be delivered from watersheds? A complementary goal was to identify and quantify the role of watershed characteristics controlling these "how"s. The methodology combined hydrologic modeling and GIS and the results for the test site (Paraopeba River basin, Brazil) were: (1) the studied river tributaries mostly drain regolith aquifers with short hydrologic turnover times (1.3-23.7 yr) and small aquifer mobile storages (0.1-1.3 m), but high specific yields (0.2-8.2 m/yr), being generally prone to hydrologic droughts; (2) the specific discharge is primarily elevation controlled (via precipitation increases with altitude), but relates positively with drainage density as well; (3) the mobile storage in the Quadrilátero-Ferrífero mountain is larger than elsewhere, being influenced by a local geomorphologic setting (higher coverage with concave hillslopes); (4) the groundwater contribution to streamflow discharge is high (> 50 %, on average), being improved with the coverage of argisols; (5) vulnerability to droughts could be alleviated through expansion of water-retention infrastructure in specific regions, as well as through land use conversions targeting reduced evapotranspiration or sustainable land management of argisol and concave surface landscapes. Although applied to a specific catchment, our results stand on a site-independent methodological framework. Thus, the understanding about groundwater security gained with this study can be inspiring to other workers dealing with tropical climate landscapes.

Keywords: Aquifer specific yield; Hydrologic drought; Hydrologic turnover time; Land use conversion; Mobile storage; Water-retention infrastructure.