Severe Acute Bacterial Infections in Children With Sickle Cell Disease in Togo

Adama Dodji Gbadoé; Koffi Mawuse Guédénon; Magnoulelen N'zonou; Mahamadou Adamou; Djatougbé Akolly; Têtê Guédéhoussou; Anoumou Yaotsé Dagnra

doi:10.1097/MPH.0000000000002710

Severe Acute Bacterial Infections in Children With Sickle Cell Disease in Togo

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2023 Oct 1;45(7):404-408. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000002710. Epub 2023 Jul 27.

Authors

Adama Dodji Gbadoé^{1

2

3}, Koffi Mawuse Guédénon^{1

3}, Magnoulelen N'zonou², Mahamadou Adamou², Djatougbé Akolly^{1

3}, Têtê Guédéhoussou^{3

4}, Anoumou Yaotsé Dagnra^{5

3}

Affiliations

¹ Hemato-oncology Unit of the Pediatrics Department.
² Pediatrics Department of the District Hospital of Be.
³ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé (Togo).
⁴ Pediatrics Department of the Regional Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
⁵ Microbiology Department, Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital.

PMID: 37526417
DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000002710

Abstract

Background: Bacterial infections are considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients, especially children, with sickle cell disease.

Objectives: This study aims at determining, a year after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine the distribution of severe acute bacterial infections and germs in children with sickle cell disease.

Patients and methods: Records of children 0 to 15 years of age and admitted from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 (5 y), were examined retrospectively in the four sickle cell monitoring units in Lomé.

Results: The main infections found were pleuropulmonary (46.1%), urinary tract (32.8%), and osteoarticular (9.3%). A germ was isolated in 139 of the 265 cases (52.4%). 65.5% of the microorganisms isolated were Gram-negative organisms, with mostly Escherichia coli (31.6%) , and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18%) being the main germs. They were mainly responsible of urinary tract and osteoarticular infections. The majority of these Enterobacteriaceae was Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing (41.1%, n = 37). Gram-positive cocci were represented by Staphylococcus sp (25.9%), Streptococcus sp (4.3%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2.9%), and Enterococcus (1.4%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common germ in pleuropulmonary (40%), osteoarticular (47.3%), and sepsis (28.6%) infections.

Conclusion: Even if the infections found remained classic, there is a redistribution of germs with a decline in Salmonella and increase of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Staphylococcus aureus .