Screening of Phyllanthus niruri Plant Active Constituents for Anticancer and Antifungal Activity by Insilico Methods

Abstract

A large genus of shrubs, trees, and rare plants belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, Phyllanthus contains 600-700 species. The Phyllanthus niruri (L.) species is a tiny, erect annual herb that can reach heights of 30-40 cm. Its 7-12 cm long, sessile, alternating leaves are native to the Amazon rainforest, but they can also be found in other tropical regions such as South East Asia, Southern India, America, China, and the islands of the Indian Ocean. Phyllanthus contains many classes of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, lignin, polyphenols, and lipids. Numerous activities of the plant have been studied, including antidepressant (Wasnik et al., Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, 6:26-29, 2014), anticancer (Sayuti et al. Studies, 10:17, 2020), anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive (Porto et al., Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23:138-144, 2013), analgesic (Bhat et al., Pharm Res, 7:378, 2015), antiarthritic (Mali et al., Biomed Aging Pathol, 1:185-190, 2011), immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antifungal (Shilpa et al., Environm Dis, 3:63, 2018), antidiabetic (Kumar et al., Biomed Pharm J, 12:57-63, 2019), antiulcer (Mostofa et al., BMC Complement Altern Med, 17:1-10, 2017), antiviral (Wahyuni et al., Malays Appl Biol, 48:105-111, 2019), antiplasmodial (Ifeoma et al., Asian Pacific J Trop Med, 6:169-175, 2013), anticonvulsant (Amaechina and Omogbai, Nig J Nat Prod Med, 17:61-65, 2013), and hepato human cytochrome P450 CYP17A1 in association with abiraterone [PDB ID: 3RUK] plant extracts. New selective androgen receptor modulators were synthesized, and they were biologically evaluated (SARMs) (Micah et al., J Veter Med Anim Health 5(1):8-15, 2013, Rusmana et al., Indonesian Biomed J 9(2):84-90, 2017, Al Zarzour et al., Nutrients 10(8):1057, 2018, Khanna J Ethnopharmacol 82(1):19-22, 2002). In the present study [PDB ID: 3RUK,5T8E] with anticancer and [PDB ID: 6F0E,1EA1] with antifungal activities were used for docking study. In this study fluconazole's antifungal activity and dacarbazine's anticancer activity were used as benchmarks for molecular docking with Schrodinger 13.0 to compare the activity of Phyllanthus niruri's active constituents.

Keywords: Anticancer activity; Antifungal; Molecular docking; Phyllanthus niruri.