Genetic Characterization of Advance Bread Wheat Lines for Yield and Stripe Rust Resistance

Israr Ud Din; Salman Khan; Fahim Ullah Khan; Majid Khan; Muhammad Nauman Khan; Aqsa Hafeez; Sana Wahab; Nazima Wahid; Baber Ali; Umair Bin Qasim; Fazal Manan; Mona S Alwahibi; Mohamed S Elshikh; Sezai Ercisli; Ebaa Mohamed Ali Khalifa

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c01981

Genetic Characterization of Advance Bread Wheat Lines for Yield and Stripe Rust Resistance

ACS Omega. 2023 Jul 11;8(29):25988-25998. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01981. eCollection 2023 Jul 25.

Authors

Israr Ud Din¹, Salman Khan², Fahim Ullah Khan³, Majid Khan¹, Muhammad Nauman Khan^{4

5}, Aqsa Hafeez⁶, Sana Wahab⁶, Nazima Wahid⁶, Baber Ali⁶, Umair Bin Qasim⁷, Fazal Manan⁸, Mona S Alwahibi⁹, Mohamed S Elshikh⁹, Sezai Ercisli^{10

11}, Ebaa Mohamed Ali Khalifa¹²

Affiliations

¹ The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan.
² Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
³ Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
⁵ University Public School, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
⁶ Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
⁷ Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan.
⁸ Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States.
⁹ Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye.
¹¹ HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye.
¹² Agriculture Research Center, Wheat Research Department, Field Crop Research Institute, Giza 3725005, Egypt.

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a prominent grain crop. The goal of the current experiment was to examine the genetic potential of advanced bread wheat genotypes for yield and stripe rust resistance. Ninety-three bread wheat genotypes including three varieties (Kohat-2017, Pakistan-2013, and Morocco) were field tested in augmented design as observational nurseries at three locations (i.e., Kohat, Nowshera, and Peshawar) during the 2018-19 crop season. Various parameters related to yield and stripe rust resistance showed significant differences among genotypes for most of the characters with few exceptions. The analysis of variance revealed significant variations for all the genotypes for all the traits at all three sites with few exceptions where nonsignificant differences were noticed among genotypes. Averaged over three locations, genotypes exhibiting maximum desirable values for yield and yield components were KT-86 (325 tillers) for tillers m^-2, KT-50 (2.86 g) for grain weight spike^-1, KT-49 (41.6 g) for 1000-grain weight, KT-50 (74 grains) for grains spikes^-1, KT-55 (4.76 g) for spike weight, and KT-36 and KT-072 (4586 kg ha^-1) for grain yield. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield had a significant positive correlation with grain spike^-1 and grain weight spike^-1 at Kohat, with grains spike^-1, tillers m^-2, and grain weight spike^-1 at Nowshera, and with plant height, spike weight, 1000-grain weight, and tillers m^-2 at Peshawar. Molecular marker data and host response in the field at the adult stage revealed that Yr15 and Yr10 are both still effective in providing adequate resistance to wheat against prevalent races of stripe rust. Four lines showing desirable lower average coefficient of infection (ACI) values without carrying Yr15 and Yr10 genes show the presence of unique/new resistance gene(s) in the genetic composition of these four lines. Genotype KT-072 (4586 kg ha^-1 and 1.3 ACI), KT-07 (4416 kg ha^-1 and 4.3 ACI), KT-10 (4346 kg ha^-1 and 1.0 ACI), and KT-62 (4338 kg ha^-1 and 2.7 ACI) showed maximum values for grain yield and low desirable ACI values, and these lines could be recommended for general cultivation after procedural requirements of variety release.