Interobserver Reliability of Tear Break-Up Time Examination Using "Smart Eye Camera" in Indonesian Remote Area

Ariesanti Tri Handayani; Clara Valentina; I Gusti Ayu Ratna Suryaningrum; Putu Dian Megasafitri; I Gusti Ayu Made Juliari; Ida Ayu Ary Pramita; Shintaro Nakayama; Eisuke Shimizu; Anak Agung Mas Putrawati Triningrat

doi:10.2147/OPTH.S412233

Interobserver Reliability of Tear Break-Up Time Examination Using "Smart Eye Camera" in Indonesian Remote Area

Clin Ophthalmol. 2023 Jul 24:17:2097-2107. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S412233. eCollection 2023.

Affiliations

¹ Ophthalmology Study Program Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
³ OUI Inc ., Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

Abstract

Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability leading to decrease of vision, productivity and quality of life, and blindness. DED diagnosis remains difficult and underdiagnosed regarding inconsistency between subjective symptoms and clinical findings. Tear break-up time (TBUT) is an objective indicator of tear film stability in diagnostic DED. A novel smartphone attachment, namely SEC (smart eye camera), could mimic conventional slit lamp to assess TBUT and beneficial in facilitating DED diagnosis. Reliability between a non and an ophthalmologist in TBUT assessment and DED diagnosis is observed in this study.

Purpose: To determine interobserver reliability of TBUT measurement for diagnosing DED using SEC.

Design: This a cross-sectional analytic study involving 99 participants (198 eyes) aged 40 years who visited Pratama Gema Santi Hospital, Nusa Penida, from September 2nd to 4th, 2022, with consecutive sampling technique.

Methods: Fluoresceined eyes were filmed using the SEC device and apps, continued by masked ophthalmologist and resident assessing TBUT based on the video. The primary outcome is interobserver reliability for TBUT measurement and DED diagnosis.

Results: The mean age of participants was 55.22±9.78 years, 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The reliability of interobserver in assessing DED based on TBUT test is 0.78 (95% CI=0.31-1.26, P-value=0.001), and interobserver reliability in diagnosing DED based on OSDI and TBUT showed good agreement (weighted kappa=0.71). Good interobserver reliability underscores that non-ophthalmologists can diagnose DED based on TBUT video using SEC.

Conclusion: SEC video has good interobserver reliability to assess TBUT for DED diagnosis. SEC can be used as one of the methods in assessing DED in limited health care facilities. The high reliability of interobserver assessment indicates that DED diagnosis using video taken with SEC may be useful for telemedicine evaluation in remote areas.

Keywords: dry eye disease; smart eye camera; telemedicine.